窦

Objective To discuss the clinical effect and security of radiofrequence catheter ablation around the ostium sinus coronary on those who suffered from atrial ventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.

目的 依据房室结折返性心动过速患者冠状窦口向上扩张的研究结果，进一步探讨于冠状窦口周围射频消融治疗AVNRT的临床效果和安全性。

It starts from the Department of aortic left coronary sinus ostium and the right coronary sinus ostium were issued for the left - coronary artery and its branches and right coronary artery and its branches, along the surface of the heart from the left and right respectively, extending toward the apex.

它从主动脉起始部的左冠窦口和右冠窦口分别发出左冠状动脉及其分支和右冠状动脉及其分支，沿心脏表面分别从左侧和右侧伸向心尖部。

It is well established that Cav1.2 encoded L-type calcium channel is prevailing component in cardiac system, while Cav1.3 encoded one dominant expressed in neuron and neuroendocrine cell. However, our and others' previous works have shown that Cav1.3 encoded LTCC was also found in the heart tissues, especially in pacemaking cells of sina atrial node, atrioventricular node and atrium.

最初人们认为心脏中的 L 型钙通道仅包括α1C（Cav1.2），但后来发现α1D（Cav1.3）在心脏中也有表达，并且优势表达于窦房结、房室结和心房，加之发现它在比较低的膜电位（－60~50mv）激活而且α1D基因敲除小鼠表现出窦性心动过缓和房室传导阻滞，所有这些都表明α1D 在维持正常的心脏节律中发挥着至关重要的作用。

Results As the results, there was 6 patients with the ILVT cycle length of (286±38)ms. The indicaed site of EA by noncontact mapping was at the middle septum in 4 patients, and at the inferior septum in 2 patients. Mean time of EA was (48.6±32.8)ms before onset of the surface QRS. The length of conduction pathway was (2.6±0.9)cm. The ablation catheter mapping showed perfect match in at least 11 of 12 leads at the EX (≥11/12), but not at the EA (≤10/12) with pace mapping during sinus rhythm. Purkinje potentials were mapped at EA and CP in all cases, but only one case at EX, and diastolic potentials were mapped at EA in 2 cases during ILVT. All cases were successfully ablated by area ablation at EA or/and line ablation at CP during sinus rhythm. None suffered a recurrence during (12±6) months follow-up.

6例ILVT周长为(286±38)ms，非接触标测显示4例激动起源位于中间隔，2例位于下间隔，EA较体表QRS波提前约(48.6±32.8)ms，传导径路长约(2.6±0.9)ms.6例病人在窦性心律下消融导管起搏标测12导联QRS形态与ILVT相匹配(≥11/12)处位于EX，而非EA(≤10/12)见正文。6例病人在室性心动过速期间消融导管于EA和CP处标测到PP，2例于EA标测到DP，1例于EX标测到PP.6例病人在窦性心律下于ILVT起源部位行片状或／和传导径路作线性消融均获成功，随访(12±6)月，未见复发。

Mean time of EA was (48.6±32.8)ms before onset of the surface QRS. The length of conduction pathway was (2.6±0.9)cm. The ablation catheter mapping showed perfect match in at least 11 of 12 leads at the EX (≥11/12), but not at the EA (≤10/12) with pace mapping during sinus rhythm. Purkinje potentials were mapped at EA and CP in all cases, but only one case at EX, and diastolic potentials were mapped at EA in 2 cases during ILVT. All cases were successfully ablated by area ablation at EA or/and line ablation at CP during sinus rhythm. None suffered a recurrence during (12±6) months follow-up.

6例ILVT周长为（286±38）ms，非接触标测显示4例激动起源位于中间隔，2例位于下间隔，EA较体表QRS波提前约（48.6±32.8）ms，传导径路长约（2.6±0.9）ms.6例病人在窦性心律下消融导管起搏标测12导联QRS形态与ILVT相匹配（≥11/12）处位于EX，而非EA（≤10/12）见正文。6例病人在室性心动过速期间消融导管于EA和CP处标测到PP， 2例于EA标测到DP， 1例于EX标测到PP.6例病人在窦性心律下于ILVT起源部位行片状或/和传导径路作线性消融均获成功，随访（12±6）月，未见复发。

The angle between superior petrosal sinus and sigmoid also shows the range we can resect.

岩上窦与乙状窦的夹角大小，亦有助于决定去除颞骨的范围。

Treatment of 6 cases of traumatic cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in frontal sinus by intranasal endoscopic surgery was reported. We adopt a procedure to open and enlarge the nasofrontal duct under direct vision by intranasal endoscopic surgery firstly and find the fistula, then repair it with its own smashed muscle, and support it with muscular membrane and gelfoam,iodoform pledget.

经鼻内窥镜外科治疗外伤性额窦脑脊液鼻漏6例，利用经鼻内窥镜外科技术开放和扩大鼻额管，在直视下找到瘘口，应用自体碎肌肉覆盖瘘口，外加肌膜和明胶海棉、碘仿纱条填塞，对于单纯内窥镜下手术有困难者，结合眉弓小切口联合额窦切开进行修补。

We adopt a procedure to open and enlarge the nasofrontal duct under direct vision by intranasal endoscopic surgery firstly and find the fistula, then repair it with its own smashed muscle, and support it with muscular membrane and gelfoam,iodoform pledget.

经鼻内窥镜外科治疗外伤性额窦脑脊液鼻漏6例，利用经鼻内窥镜外科技术开放和扩大鼻额管，在直视下找到瘘口，应用自体碎肌肉覆盖瘘口，外加肌膜和明胶海棉、碘仿纱条填塞，对于单纯内窥镜下手术有困难者，结合眉弓小切口联合额窦切开进行修补。

Prehension of the relationship and variation combined with image data conduce to well recognization of this area.

视神经管隆突及颈内动脉隆突与后组筛窦和蝶窦的这种复杂解剖关系及其不对称性，是经鼻前颅底手术损伤视神经管及颈内动脉的根本原因，了解这种解剖关系及其变异，术前结合患者影像学资料，可良好判定此区域结构的解剖关系，防止视神经管及颈内动脉损伤导致的严重并发症。

Objective: To study the effects of progesterone on action potential of isolated rabbit sino atrial node cells.

目的 ：通过观察孕酮对离体家兔窦房结细胞动作电位的影响，来探讨孕酮对窦房结细胞电活动的影响及其作用机制。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。