窦

Results: Lateral extradural approach could be used to expose the second and third branches of trigeminal nerve,trigeminal ganglion,posterior vertical segment of the intrapetrosal ICA,abducent nerve and horizontal segment of the intrapetrosal ICA;lateral intradural approach could be used to expose the lateral,anteroinferior and posterosuperior venous spaces,almost all the cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus and horizontal segments of the intracavernous ICA;superior approach could be used to expose the medial,lateral and posterosuperior venous spaces,medial side of the anterior genu,anterior vertical and clinoidal segments of the intracavernous ICA and the lateral side of the hypophysis.

结果：外侧硬膜外入路可用于显露三叉神经第2、3支，三叉神经节，海绵窦内颈内动脉后垂直段，外展神经及岩骨颈内动脉水平段；侧方硬膜下入路可用于显露海绵窦外侧及前下，后上静脉间隙，以及所有走行在海绵窦内的颅神经和海绵窦内颈内动脉水平段；上方入路可用于显露海绵窦内侧、外侧及后上间隙，海绵窦内ICA水平段、前膝、前垂直段及床突段的内侧面，以及垂体的外侧面。

Mechods The clinical data of12cases suffering from isolated sphenoid sinus lesions were analyzed retrospectively and the correlated documents reviewed.Results All the12cases were preoperatively diagnosed by CT,MRI,and intranasal endoscopy.The postoperative pathology showed7cases with sphenoid sinustis,2cases with submucous cystis,3cases with mycosis.

蝶窦位于颅底，解剖位置深在，部位隐蔽［1］，由于蝶窦病变早期临床表现缺乏特异性，单纯前鼻镜额镜检查时因受照明，角度等影响，无法窥清蝶窦及蝶窦开口的病变情况，因此，孤立性蝶窦病变临床误诊率较高。

The unit of radioreaction in ethmoidal sinus was ethmoidal cell. Several ethmoidal sinus cells were fused to patch in severe cases. The radioreactions in ethmoidal sinus, maxillary sinus and sphenoidal sinus were seen within three months, after three months and after one year respectively. And nasal sinus radioreactions of most cases were not absorbed spontaneously after one year. When the two kinds of radiotherapies were equal in dosing level, there was no obvious difference between them in respect to the radioreaction of accessory sinus, but when the dosing level was above 3182GBq, the radioreaction of accessory sinus was remarkably increased, compared with those caused by lower-dose radiotherapies.

筛窦放射反应以筛窦小房为单位，重者也可以多个小房融合成片状；筛窦的放射反应在放疗后3个月内即可出现，上颌窦常在3个月以后出现放射反应，而蝶窦一般在放疗后1年以后才出现；大多数病例副鼻窦放射反应在1年以后难以自动吸收、消退；两种方法放疗剂量相同时所致副鼻窦放射反应无明显差别，但放疗剂量在3182 GBq以上时所致副鼻窦放射反应较其它放疗剂量时明显增高。

The main indexes included the condition of frontal antrum, ethmoid sinuses, sphenoid sinus and maxillae antrum that was involved in, the types of the inflammation （mucous thickening, inflammatory fluidify and submucosal cyst） and its MRI appearance.

主要观察指标包括额窦、筛窦、蝶窦、上颌窦受累情况，各窦病变类型（黏膜增厚、炎性积液、黏膜下囊肿）及相应的MRI表现。

The average SNERP of SSS patients was 525± 53.02ms,much higher than those of both the bradycardiac and normal cases (P0.01).The prolongation of SNERP(〉520ms)with high susceptibility and idiocrasy showed great significance for clinical diagnoses of sick sinus syndrome.

病窦组者SNERP平均值为525±53.02ms，显著高于窦缓组（427±18.19ms）和正常组（367.14±18.37ms）者（P〈0.01）；SNERP的延长（〉520ms）在病窦的诊断中具有重要的临床意义，其敏感性与特异性远较窦房结恢复时间与窦房传导时间为高。

Methods:In 15 patients (man 9,woman 6),ageing 28~72 years old (average 44.7 years old), among whom 5 sphenoid sinus mucoceles (1 ethmoid sinus mucoceles,1 maxillary sinus mucoceles,1 sphenoid frontal and ethmoid mucoceles),11 ethmoid sinus mucoceles (3 maxillary sinus mucoceles),and 3 frontal and ethmoid sinus mucoceles,marsupialization was ...

对15 例病人，男9 例，女6 例，年龄28～72 岁，平均44.73 岁，其中蝶窦囊肿5例（并筛窦囊肿1 例，并上颌窦囊肿1 例，蝶额筛窦囊肿1 例），筛窦囊肿11 例（并上颌窦囊肿3例），额筛窦囊肿3 例，应用鼻内窥镜施行袋状化手术治疗，术后分别随访3～5 年。

To explore the microdissection of the cerebellopontine angle as well as to study the advantage and disadvantage of the retrosigmoid approach and the retrosigmoid suprameatal approach, the relationship among the facial nerves, inter-medium nerves, anterior inferior cerebellar artery and petrosal vein were studied, and two approaches particularly also were explored from fifteen dry skulls and ten wet skulls, along the approach of RSA and RSSMA.

本研究旨在了解桥小脑角的显微解剖；探讨枕下乙状窦后入路及乙状窦后-内耳道上入路的优缺点。本实验采用15例(30侧)干标本和10例(20侧)湿标本，按照枕下乙状窦后入路和乙状窦后-内耳道上入路的所涉及的解剖区域，解剖观测面神经、中间神经、小脑前下动脉及岩静脉等诸多结构，并对神经外科手术乙状窦后入路及乙状窦后。

Results The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with patients with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients with frontal sinusitis were larger(11.70±5.50 mm and 8.54±3.67 mm respectivevy, p＜0.01).Compared with patients with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of patients with maxillary sinusitis were larger (77.8% and 33.3%,P＜0.05)and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6±17.8 mm2 and 41.6±12.6 mm2, respectively, P＜0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of maxillary sinusitis .The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause anterior ehmoid sinusitis.

结果 全中甲或中甲下部气化的发生率随前筛、上颌窦内软组织影增厚而升高；有额窦炎组病人的鼻丘气房最大纵向垂径明显大于无额窦炎组(分别为11.7±5.5 mm和8.5±3.7 mm，P＜0.01)；Haller气房在上颌窦炎组和非上颌窦炎组的发生率无显著差异，但前组发生炎症的Haller气房明显多于后组(分别为77.8%和33.3%，P＜0.05)，且前组Haller气房的冠状位截面积明显大于后组(分别为91.6±17.8 mm2和41.6±12.6 mm2，P＜0.05)；钩突角度随上颌窦内软组织增厚而减小；筛泡冠状位截面积随前筛窦内软组织增厚而增大(P＜0.01)。

Key units to be protected Province: Xianxian the "zhou ya fu 's Tomb","Gao Graves," thetao cheng qu "Bowen Tower,""kong ying da 's Tomb,""Security Bridge", thegu cheng xian "Qinglin Temple Pagoda" Shenzhen City, the "Portrait Monument since Ma","big business Han Feng","meaning deep billion state surplus warehouse," thezao qiang xian "Dong Zhongshu stone", Anping County, the "Eastern Han tomb murals,"" West Zhaizi tomb "Jizhou city," the tomb mound,"" Jizhou the Old City site,"" Han de head "," North Sai Stone ", the" double-mound tomb "wu yi County"窦shi Castle "and" angle of Han."

省重点文物保护单位：景县的&周亚夫墓&、&高氏墓群&，桃城区的&宝云塔&、&孔颖达墓&、&安济桥&，故城县的&庆林寺塔&，深州市的&马君起造像碑&、&大冯营汉墓&、&深州盈亿义仓&，枣强县的&董仲舒石像&，安平县的&东汉壁画墓&、&西寨子古墓&，冀州市的&后冢墓&、&冀州旧城址&、&西元头汉墓&、&西堤北石塔&、&双冢汉墓&，武邑县的&窦氏青山&和&中角汉墓&。

The incidence of major abnormal ECG were 7.3% for STT changes, 5.6% for sinus tachycardia, 4.4% for sinus arrhythmia, 3.4% for ventricular premature beats, 2.0% for bundle branch block and 1.8% for atrial premature beats; Apart from preexcitation syndrome, the incidence of abnormal ECG for male was higher than that of female;Most of abnormal ECG increased with age. A few abnormal ECG such as sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome decreased with age. The incidence of sinus bradycardia and preexcitation syndrome were bail shape with age. Half of abnormal ECG adults had at least two abnormal ECG, such as STT changes combined with ventricular premature beats or bundle branch block.

异常心电图较多的有STT改变（7.3%）、窦性心动过速（5.6%）、窦性心律不齐（4.4%）、室性早搏（3.4%）、束支传导阻滞（2.0%）、房性早搏（1.8%）；除预激综合征外，其他异常心电图都是男性多于女性；多数异常心电图的检出率随年龄增加而增加，但窦性心动过速、窦性心律不齐、病窦综合征随年龄增加而减少，窦性心动过缓和预激综合征的检出率与年龄呈&杓形&关系；在异常心电图人群中，有约1/2的人合并2种或2种以上的心电图改变，最常见的是缺血性STT改变合并室性早搏或传导阻滞。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。