突触的

It is also suggested that ACh plays an important role in the maintenance of excitability of cortical neurons.

这一作用可能是通过作用于M受体，影响突触前递质释放来实现的。

An enriched PCR fragments with less complexity were obtained and mainly expressed in the denervated hippoampus After cloning into the plasmid vector, 46 clones were initially screened and subjected to autosequencing By comparison with the EMBO gene databases, 21 gene fragments of different types were obtained with 11 similar to genes of known function and 10 similar to ones of unknown function It is inferable that the altered gene expressions of hippocampus following the entorhinally denervation may underlie the specfic reinnervation and the formation of synapses by transplanted entorhinal neurons with host neuropil within the denervated target areas.

初步挑选出的46个转化后的阳性克隆，经点杂交筛选和基因序列分析，与Gene Database同源性比较后，得到21种基因片段，其中功能已知的有11种，功能未知的有10种。结果表明海马在去内嗅皮层后某些基因表达的改变，这可能是移植胚胎内嗅皮层神经细胞轴突特异支配去神经靶区和重建突触联系有关。

With reference to the theory that only a part of signal from brain cells can reach pallium put forward by Raju Metherate,and the theory that axon signal strength is reduced with distance increment from main body of neural cells raised by Stephen R Williams,axon signal theory-based clustering algorithm of neural network is presented in this paper.

通过借鉴Raju Metherate提出的只有部分脑细胞发出的信号到达了大脑皮层的理论和Stephen R Williams提出的突触信号强度随着离神经细胞主体的距离的加大而减弱的理论，提出了基于轴突信号理论的神经网络聚类算法。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Axon - The axon is responsible for carrying the output of soma to other neurons, through the synapses

神经元之间的连接是可能的，由于突触和树突的存在。

Importantly, the changes observed in rat muscle injected with mutant agrin recapitulated the pre- and post-synaptic modifications observed in the patient.

重要的是，大鼠肌肉注射突变型集聚蛋白后产生的变化和在患者中观察到的突出前和突触后变化一致。

Injection of wild-type or mutated agrin into rat soleus muscle induced the formation of nonsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters, but the mutant protein specifically destabilized the endogenous neuromuscular junctions.

注射野生型或突变型集聚蛋白到大鼠比目鱼肌中，诱导非突触性乙酰胆碱受体簇的形成，但突变的蛋白破坏了内源性神经肌肉接头的稳定性。

Recently, it has been reported that Cav-1 was located over the entire hippocampus neuronal surfaces; high level of Cav-1 expression was also focally enriched on growth cones.

最近发现，Cav-1蛋白在培养的海马神经元的终末和轴突生长锥上有丰富的表达，提示Cav-1可能参与突触可塑性的调节。

Our findings establish an essential role for inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission in the regulation of dendritic structural plasticity in Xenopus in vivo.

综上所述，我们的早蟾在体研究证实了这样的一个必须机制，抑制性的突触传递在调节树突结构可塑性的过程中起着非常重要的角色。

The cerebellum of ZDpups had a decreased nember of granular cells in the internal granular cell layer, and dendritic development of basket, stellate and purkinje cells was impaired.

形态学的研究发现哺乳期母鼠锌缺乏可使其仔鼠小脑粒细胞数减少；蒲肯野细胞、兰状细胞及星状细胞的树突分枝减少、突触结构异常。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。