突触的

However, the advance of intracellular labeling techniques enables us not only to visualize more complete dendritic arbor for qualitative ahalysis, but also to examine the relation between changes in the dendritic arborization and the evoked fast postsynaptic curents in the same neurons during the postnatal development.

但是，细胞内染色技术的进步使我们不仅能观察到更完整的树突分支来用于定性研究，而且也可以在同一神经元上研究在发育过程中树突分支的变化与诱发的快突触后电流（fast postsynaptic currents，fPSCs）之间的关系。

Tetanic synaptic stimulation induced a rapid delivery of tagged receptors into dendritic spines as well as clusters in dendrites.

强的突触刺激诱导标记受体迅速转移到树突棘和树突簇上。

The fEPSP response evoked in one pathway was small, usually 20–30% of the maximu, whereas a large response, usually 80–90% of the maximum, was evoked in the strong pathway. After recording of the baseline fEPSP evoked at 0.033 Hz, LTP of the weak pathway could be associatively induced by paired stimulation of the weak and strong pathways 100 times at 6 sec intervals, with stimulation of the weak pathway preceded 3–10 msec.

在记录以0.033Hz所引发基础的兴奋性突触后电位之后，在弱的路径上可以因配合弱与强的刺激路径而引发出相关性长期增益（每六秒一次共100次，弱的刺激路径在强的刺激路径之前 3-10 ms），然而当在两个路径之间的配合时间差大於10 ms时即无法形成相关性长期增益，此类型长期增益的引发是需要依赖活化NMDA接受器的，因为给予50 mM的D，L-AP5可以阻断相关性长期增益的引发（兴奋性突触后电位为原来的105±6﹪；n=6）。

Furthermore, we found synaptic structures near the neuron body, which is the evidence of connection between axons and dendrites.

进一步的观察中还看到了神经元胞体附近的突触结构，这是图案化网络中的神经元之间通过轴突和树突建立了相互联系的重要证据。

The stage of neural development during which axons and dendrites grow and establish synaptic contacts.

轴突和树突成长与建立突触连接的神经发展阶段。

Long-term modulation of spine density, but not number of primary dendrites, by BDNF was gated by cAMP.

研究表明，BDNF 对突触后树突棘密度的长时程作用也受cAMP 的门控调节，但是BDNF 对神经元一级树突数目的调节并不受cAMP 的调控。

In the presence of 500nM TTX, 70%M/T cells presented spontaneous activity. 80%M/T cells with spontaneous activity appeared excitory postsynaptic currents , which could be reverted at 20mv, 14%M/T cells appeared inhibitory postsy-naptic currents , which the reverse potential was -90mv. Few presented both EPSCs and IPSCs.

当细胞外液有1uM的河豚毒，70%的M/T细胞有自发活动，其中80%自发活动是兴奋性突触后电流、它的反转电位是20mv.14%的自发活动是抑制性突触后电流，它的反转电位是-90mv，极少数细胞同时有EPSPs和IPSPs。

The possible neurotransmitters mediating VLF-EPSPs were excitatory amino acids and non-NMDA receptors were critically involved in these synaptic transmissions,for both VLF-EPSP and glutamate-induced response were similary and almost completely abolished by kynurenic acid and DNQX.

提示VLF中的下行纤维可能与MN的胞体或近端树突形成突触，而背根或腹根中传入纤维与MN的远端树突联系。

In the presence of L-isoproterenol (through local infusion into area CA1), the theta-pulse stimulation with the parameter of 10 Hz, 150 pulses/train, 1 train, a frequency weakly modifying synaptic strength, induced a robust LTP, and this effect was blocked when DL-propranolol was co-administered. By contrast, the theta-pulse stimulation with the parameter of 5 Hz, 150 pulses/train, 3 train, a frequency strongly modifying synaptic strength, induced a significantly smaller LTP when DL-propranolol was administered into area CA1. Accordingly, DL-propranolol impaired rat's spatial learning in the water maze when infused into area CA1 20min pretraining.

正常情况下对突触传递效能仅有微小调制作用的10Hz的θ节律刺激（每串150个脉冲，1串），在CA1区局部给予L-异丙肾上腺素后，显著地诱导出LTP，这一效应可被DL-心得安所阻断；相反，正常情况下对突触传递强度有显著调制作用的5Hz的θ节律刺激（每串150个脉冲，3串），在CA1区局部给予DL-心得安后，所诱导出的LTP被显著压抑。

It required spiking of postsynaptic tectal cells as well as activation of NMDA receptors, and effectively occluded long-term potentiation of retinotectal synapses induced by direct electrical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells.

这需要突触后顶盖细胞的脉冲和NMDA受体活化，并有效闭塞连接视网膜和中脑顶盖神经纤维的突触长期的增强，这是由视网膜活动中心细胞的直接电激诱发的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。