突触后的

An enriched PCR fragments with less complexity were obtained and mainly expressed in the denervated hippoampus After cloning into the plasmid vector, 46 clones were initially screened and subjected to autosequencing By comparison with the EMBO gene databases, 21 gene fragments of different types were obtained with 11 similar to genes of known function and 10 similar to ones of unknown function It is inferable that the altered gene expressions of hippocampus following the entorhinally denervation may underlie the specfic reinnervation and the formation of synapses by transplanted entorhinal neurons with host neuropil within the denervated target areas.

初步挑选出的46个转化后的阳性克隆，经点杂交筛选和基因序列分析，与Gene Database同源性比较后，得到21种基因片段，其中功能已知的有11种，功能未知的有10种。结果表明海马在去内嗅皮层后某些基因表达的改变，这可能是移植胚胎内嗅皮层神经细胞轴突特异支配去神经靶区和重建突触联系有关。

The biological effects of bFGF, NGF on the survival of auditory neurons and the neurite regeneration in vitro

在体实验发现，损伤后内耳听觉毛细胞再生的同时伴有支配神经纤维修复与突触的重建。

Alpha motor neurons that innervate muscle fibers are located in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, and comprise the efferent limb of this reflex arc.

这是一个单突触反射通路，运动依赖感受器的反馈，间接的Ⅰa传入纤维也在后角与抑制的中间神经元突触，这就能通过依次激活与α运动神经元连接的拮抗肌来抑制主动肌的紧张。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Results The number of synaptic terminals from primary afferent fibers in spinal lamina Ⅱ in morphine dependent group was significantly more than that in control group,among which the number of synaptic terminals from unmyelinated afferent fibers increased 61%.

结果发现，手术侧备用根初级传入纤维在脊髓后角Ⅱ板层内的侧支出芽和突触重建明显加快，起到代偿因切除大部分背根造成靶神经元在结构上和功能上去神经支配的作用［2］。

Specific blockade of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may effectively prevent neuron loss following stroke and other neuropathological conditions associated with glutamate toxicity.

突触外NMDA受体特定阻闭，可能有效预防中风和其他带谷氨酸毒素之神经疾病后的神经元减少。

The long latency reflexes might bemonosynaptic responses mediated by dorsal root excitement, while the short latencyreflexes might be sarcous electric activity mediated by direct excitement of motor neuron ormotor fiber.

长潜伏期成分可能是兴奋脊髓背根传入神经后引起的单突触反射；短潜伏期成分可能是直接兴奋脊髓内的运动神经元或运动纤维后向下传导引起的肌肉兴奋电反应。

ResultsThere was no expression of Caspase-3 in group A. The expression of Caspase-3 in group C was decreased compared with that in group B（P＜0.01. In groups B and C, expansion and vacuolization of mitochondria, swollen neurons and apoptotic bodies appeared, which suggested that WBH could induce neuron injury, and the neuron injury in group C was more severe than that in group B.

结果A组大鼠海马区神经元无Caspase-3表达，B、C两组大鼠海马区神经元有Caspase-3表达，B组较C组Caspase-3表达平均灰度值减小。B、C两组大鼠海马神经元超微结构发生改变、细胞器水肿，部分线粒体空化，内质网稀疏，突触前膜、后膜结构不完整，可见自噬体结构；B组大鼠的神经元超微结构损害较C组轻。

Immunohistochemistry results showed that the gray of PC12 cell cytoplasm appeared shallowing after HFS, suggesting that tyrosine hydroxylase activity decreased; The numbers of visible mitochondria in the cytoplasm, secretory granules, processes and synapse were decreased.

结果：相比对照组，HFS后PC12类神经细胞光镜下突起长度显著缩短，突起个数明显减少；酪氨酸羟化酶免疫组织化学结果显示HFS后PC12细胞胞质灰度降低，提示酪氨酸羟化酶代谢水平下降；电镜下可见胞质中的线粒体、分泌颗粒减少，突起和突触减少。

Additionally, axodendritic syn apses betw een degenerated terminals and NTLIcontaining dendrites also exist in the spina l dorsal horn.

此外，脊髓后角内还存在变性终末与含NTLI树突形成的轴树突触。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！