突触

Furthermore, abnormal morphology, shrinkage and reduced density of dendritic spines and defects in LTP were observed in brains of the patients suffering from mental retardation and neurodegenerative diseases; many mutant genes found from these patients encode component proteins of signal transduction for neuronal plasticity. These studies on synaptic plasticity would certainly promote making the effective prevention and treatment procedures for mental and neurodegenerative diseases.

此外，在精神迟滞性疾病和神经退行性疾病患者脑内记录到异常的LTP，并发现神经元的树突棘数量减少，形态上产生畸变或萎缩，同时发现，产生突变的基因大多编码调节突触可塑性的信号通路蛋白，故突触可塑性研究也将促进精神和神经疾病的预防和治疗。

The bursting dynamics of chay neuron model coupled by gap junction with different strength were observed and the chaotic characteristics were displayed.

采用Chay提供的Pacemaker神经元模型以电突触耦合来研究不同耦合强度对神经元动态时序的影响，并指出突触作用过程的混沌特征。

Sperry showed that the regenerated retinal axons always innervated the original sites of termination in the optic tectum. This experiment strongly disprove the resonance hypotheses proposed by Paul Weiss, who suggested that the nerve growth and synapse formation are largely random events, and the precision of connections between nerve cells emerged by selectively eliminating the inappropriate connections, only at later developmental stage.

Sperry的实验在支持Cajal假说的基础上，进一步明确发育过程中轴突的生长及突触的形成具有内在决定性，并且有力地反驳了当时占主流地位的由Paul Weiss于1930～40年代提出的resonance hypothesis，后者认为轴突的生长和突触的形成大多是一些随机事件，成年脑中的精确联系是通过对随机形成的不恰当联系进行选择地消除形成的。

Methods: Based on the theory of "kidney produces sui", we set up MCAO rat model. Five indexes including Nestin, PSA-NCAM, MAP-2, GAP-43 and SYN38 were measured in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods to evaluate the effects of Fujian Tablet on the proliferation, migration, differentiation of neural stem cells, axonal growth and synapse formation. Other two indexes including trk-B, NOGO-A were used to assess the effects on the neurotropic factor and inhibitory factor.

以&肾生髓&的理论为依据，以MCAO大鼠为实验对象，利用原位杂交技术和免疫组织化学方法，分别以nestin、PSA-NCAM、MAP-2、GAP-43、突触素p38为指标，观察复健片对神经干细胞增殖、迁移、分化、轴突生长、突触形成的影响；分别以trk-B、NOGO-A为指标，观察复健片对神经生长营养因子、抑制因子的影响。

Postsynaptic dense area and the close relationship between synaptic plasticity are essential for the maintenance of synaptic function properly.

突触后致密区与突触可塑性的关系十分密切，对于维持突触发挥正常功能至关重要。

Thus, correlated pre-and postsynaptic activity alters not only the strength of the activated input, but also its dendritic integration with other inputs.

因此，突触前后神经元的相关活动不仅影响被激化突触的传递效率，还影响树突的信号整合特性。

The transmission is conducted in the form of action potentials along the axon of DRG neuron to the presynaptic membrane in spinal dorsal horn. Action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane and activates the voltage-dependent Ca〓 channel. The influx of Ca〓 then triggers the release of neurotransmitter.

外界感觉信息以动作电位的形式沿DRG细胞轴突由外周传向DRG细胞在脊髓背角的突触前膜，导致细胞膜去极化，引起电压依赖性〓通道的开放，〓内流介导突触前膜神经递质的释放，从而完成感觉信息由外周向脊髓的传递。

Many lines of physiological and pharmacological evidence show that AMPA receptor desensitization plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission by affecting transmission efficacy of individual synaptic bouton, integrative functions of neuron, and synapse plasticity.

大量的生理学和药理学证据表明，AMPA受体失敏在快速兴奋性突触传递过程中起着重要的作用，对单个突触的传递效率、经元的整合功能和突触的可塑性均有影响。

I have therefore generated several p130cas RNA interference transgenic lines to determine the possible function of p130cas during neurogenesis. Knockdown of p130cas expression in developing neurons resulted in partial fusion in the commissures axon fascicles of CNS, photoreceptor axon targeting and guidance defects, and bulged synapse boutons at the neuromuscular junction. Moreover, reduced expression of p130cas in sensory organ precursor cells and proneural clusters resulted in bristle development defects.

为了了解p130cas的功能以及更进一步的分析p130cas在神经发育过程所扮演的角色，我建立一系列可以执行RNA干扰技术的转殖果蝇，结果显示在果蝇的神经中降低p130cas的表现会造成腹部神经索中原来排列整齐的commissure axons神经束偶尔会出现不正常的融合；若将p130cas专一地在果蝇眼睛中降低则会造成果蝇视神经突触目标辨识与突触导向的缺陷；而如果局部的运动神经系统中降低p130cas的表现会造成在神经肌肉接点的神经突触有澎大的现象；此外在果蝇的感觉器官前细胞以及原神经细胞丛，降低p130cas的表现则会导致刚毛发育的缺陷。

These EDD were proved to contain calcium by X-ray microprobe analysis. The addition of 10mM/L theophylline greatly reduced the deposits in plasma membrane, mitochondria and EDD were not observed or observed rarely in subsurface cisternae.

在青蛙交感神经节突触后神经元中，包含钙离子的EDD存在于质膜、亚表面池及线粒体中；在突触前神经末梢中，突触小泡的膜上也可观察到EDD。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！