突变的

The results are as follows: the dwarf mutant A846 pertain to half-dwarf type, which height is about 38.64 cm on average, preponderating over the half-height of the wild-type, the elongation stage of the mutant represent dwarf character, internode elongation patterns of caulis are similarly the sh-type dwarf mutant, in which the first internode shows specific reduction, the elongation of these cells in the elongation zone immediately above the IM was dissimilar to the wild-type, longitudinal length of parenchyma cells were curtate, also the first internode exhibit markedly, which average is under the corresponding internode of the wild-type, the differentiation of the IM of each internodes of stem was similar to wild-type, as well as the number of internodes and the length of sheath of flag leaf.

结果表明：突变体A846平均株高38.64cm，大于野生型株高的一半，为半矮秆类型；其矮生性在拔节期显著表现；主茎茎秆各节间收缩比例不一，穗下第一节间显著缩短，与sh-型突变体类似；茎秆各节间居间分生组织细胞分化正常，由居间分生组织分化的细胞延伸受到不同程度的阻碍；各节间基本组织细胞纵向长度相应缩短，穗下第一节间缩短比例最大，其平均值小于野生型的一半；主茎节间数目与旗叶的叶鞘长类似于野生型。

Mutation rate at exon of GH in five bovine species was very low with the percentage of 3.48%. The majority of nucleotide substitution was nonsense mutation and only one missense mutation was observed. Molecule tree based on haplotypes of bGH at exon 5 showed that differentiation was apparent relatively between Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos grunniens, Bos frontalis. There was no apparent differentiation among other four bovine species and they shared mutual ancestral sequence.

序列分析表明，5个牛种GH基因外显子5的遗传变异水平较低，平均核苷酸变异率约为3.48%，而且绝大多数位点的核苷酸替换是同义突变，仅发现1个错义突变位点；从GH基因外显子5序列单倍型构建的分子进化树来看，水牛与普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛及大额牛的分化相对比较明显，其他4个牛种之间并无明显分化，还享有共同的祖先序列。

Methods:The expressive plasmids of AML1b and AML1-ETO were transfected into CV-1 and 293 cells.The expression level of endogenous pig7 gene was detected by Realtime-PCR.The luciferase reporter plasmids containing pig7 enhancer/corresponding mutant sequences were constructed and co-transfected into CV-1 cells with expressive plasmids of AML1b and AML1-ETO.The transactivity of pig7 enhancer was assayed by luminometer.

研究方法：AML1b和AML7-ETO表达质粒分别转染及共转染CV-1和293细胞，用Realtime-PCR方法检测上述基因对两种细胞内源性pig7基因mRNA表达水平的影响；构建含AML1b结合位点的pig7基因增强子序列以及相对应的突变位点的荧光素酶报告基因质粒；将表达载体/突变载体与AML1b或AML1-ETO基因瞬时共转染CV-1细胞，分析AML1b、AML1-ETO对报告基因的转录调节作用。

The results show that the jump is the most important characteristic for climate change and the periodicity is secondary.

结果表明：突变性是气候变化最重要的特征，周期性是第二位的；突变在气候变化的高层次上有显著反映，低层次对突变具有反馈作用，正反馈作用突出气候变化的突变性；并且在气候诊断分析中，这是一种有特色的方法

Because of the great differences of inducing conditions between space and on the earth, space mutation has exhibited the wide application prospect in breeding, but the studies on quality traits by space mutation are singular.

突变体MLA-1与原亲本的SSR多态性比较研究的结果表明，MLA-1和原亲本"美香占"在DNA水平上表现出明显的不同，选用180对微卫星引物对MLA-1和原亲本进行SSR分析，有22.8%的扩增产物在两个材料间表现出了多态性，说明空间诱变后发生多位点的突变。

Secondly, the subsample study based on the linear regression model shows that although taking the instability of economic structure into account, the estimation of exchange premium to the change of spot exchange rate is obviously negative, which meas the outlier or breakpoint is not the reason that empirical research refuses the efficiency of the American and the Japanese foreign exchange markets.

其次，基于线性回归模型的子样本研究表明，即使考虑了经济结构突变，远期汇水对即期汇率变动的估计仍显著的为负值，即统计上数据异常和结构突变并不是拒绝美元和日元外汇市场有效的原因，因此我们需要去探讨理论本身的缺陷和不足。

Moreover, RT-PCR results revealed that the expression of AtSPX3 in phrl was reduced, suggesting PHR1 may function at the upstream of AtSPX3. Transgenic lines with RNAi of AtSPX3 showed supersensitive to Pi-starvation compared with Col.

另外，缺磷条件下AtSPX3基因启动子驱动的GUS活性在phr1突变体中受到抑制，定量RT-PCR的结果也显示，缺磷条件下该基因在phr1突变体中的表达受到抑制，说明在磷信号的传递途径中，PHR1在AtSPX3的上游。

Many of the so-called inborn errors of metabolism are inherited as a recessive trait─ i.e. are apparent only in the homozygous individual, although sometimes the symptomless heterozygote can be identified by demonstrating subnormal activity of the gene product.

应当注意，相似但不完全相同的遗传病可由于累及与某一功能有关的不同基因，例如在血凝系统中不同因子，突变所造成的或由于累及单一基因日发生不同的突变并使该基因产物产生不同程度的功能损害。

Evolutionary models of senescence suggest that either a mutation deleteriously affecting older individuals will be selected against more weakly than one affecting younger individuals, or there are genes which benefit early reproduction which have deleterious effects later in the lifespan.

衰老的进化模型认为，或者一个影响较老个体的有害突变，比影响年轻个体的有害突变，受到更弱的选择对抗，或者对早期繁殖有益的基因在生命晚期有恶性影响。

Molecular cloning and expression of FKN/CX3CR1 and their mutated counterpartsTo study the evolutionary rule in function from Old World Monkey to Homonid and the role of negative selection sites, possible Darwinian positive selection sites and deletion mutation, full-length FKN/CX3CR1 and mutant gene were obtained by overlapping extension PCR and site-directed mutagenesis.

FKN／CX3CR1分子及突变子的基因克隆和表达克隆旧大陆猴和人猿超科7个物种FKN、CX3CR1全基因及其突变体并进行体外表达，为后续观察FKN／CX3CR1在高级灵长类物种进化过程中免疫学功能的演变并在功能上验证FKN／CX3CR1协同进化以及研究上述位点对FKN／CX3CR1介导的免疫学功能的影响奠定分子生物学基础。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。