突变的

RESULTS suc2 gene fragment of about 1.5 kb was amplified and cloned. DNA sequencing confirmed that , compared with the published sequence, the cloned suc2 gene had correct sequ ence except for one point mutation, but that did not alter the amino acid sequence o f t he encoded peptide. By transformation of yeast cells with a constructed gene dis ruption vector, four yeast clones were obtained which showed correct auxotrophy. PCR and DNA sequencing indicated that these yeast clones had the expected genot ype.

结果用 PCR从酵母基因组DNA中扩增出大小约1.5 kb的suc2基因片段，序列测定表明除585位有一点突变外，所得suc2基因与文献报道相同，构建的定位突变载体导入酵母细胞后，得到4株营养型符合的突变体，PCR表明这些突变体中均有suc2基因的同源重组，取其中1株的PCR产物进行序列测定证实了同源重组的发生。

Due to the sensitivity of Guass wavelet to the flex points of the signal and the multi-scale analysis of the wavelet resolution,the abruptly changing points at the interface of stratigraphic sequence shown from the logging curve can be revealed clearly by Gauss wavelet transformation of logging data .

在层序地层单元的分界面上，测井曲线表现为突变，而高斯小波对信号突变点具有敏感性和多尺度分析特性，因此测井数据的高斯小波变换能够表征这种突变。

Mutants related to shoot branching are isolated in pea? Arabidopsis? petunia? rice? tomato and maize, such as revoluta? pinhead? monoculm1(moc1)? lateral suppressor? blind/torosa related to axillary meristem initiation; more axillary growth? ramosus? decreased apical dominance associated with axillary meristem outgrowth; supershoot/bushy? Teosinte branched1 (Tb1) contacted with axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth.

在豌豆、拟南芥、矮牵牛、水稻、番茄和玉米中获得到很多与分枝发育相关的突变体，如与腋生分生组织的形成有关的revoluta、pinhead、monoculm1(moc1)、lateral suppressor、blind/torosa等突变体；与腋生分生组织的生长有关的more axillary growth、ramosus、decreased apical dominance等突变体；与腋生分生组织的形成和生长都有关的、supershoot/bushy、teosinte branched1(tb1)等突变体。

Mutant libraries created by saturation mutagenesis of each single amino acid site D168, A225, K434 and E435 were screened to further improve the capability of cytochrome P450 BM-3(A74G/F87V/L188Q) mutant from Bacillus Megaterium which can hydroxylate indole into indigo. Results showed that D168, K434 and E435 are located at the functional domain of P450 BM-3 protein while A225 is sited at the unfunctional domain.

为了进一步获得具有更高活力的细胞色素P450 BM-3(F87V/A74G/L188Q)突变酶，利用饱和突变技术对该突变酶的4个氨基酸位点D168、A225、K434、E435分别进行单一的随机突变，通过对其羟基化吲哚生成靛蓝的催化性能表征，发现P450 BM-3氨基酸残基的168、434和435位均位于蛋白功能区域，而225位则位于非功能区域。

In the second part of this study, skin and muscle fibroblasts were cultured from nine patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia syndrome for studying the relationship between mtDNA mutation and free radical scavenging enzymes. The skin and muscle fibroblasts from these CPEO patients carried different mtDNA mutations at different levels.

因此，我针对CPEO病人的皮肤和肌纤维母细胞的mtDNA突变和氧化性损伤进行分析，我以南方墨渍法分析皮肤和肌肉纤维母细胞的DNA，发现这9位病人所含的mtDNA突变差异性极大，有4，977 bp、 4，366 bp、 6，190 bp、约10 kb的大片段mtDNA断损突变和粒线体tRNALeu基因的A3243G点突变。

The main results are as following:(1) Arabidopsis in planta transformation were made by Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the activation tagging vector pSKI015 with herbicide-resistant Bar gene as a selective marker. About 12 000 independent transformant lines were acquired by the above method, from which two mutants related to plant defense response and development, asr1 (auxin and .salicylic acid responsive 1.) and dai1 (brought tolerant and obscisic acid insensitive 1) were isolated.

本文以拟南芥为实验材料，以激发标签为技术平台，构建了拟南芥的功能获得突变体库，从中筛选具有抗病、抗逆表型的突变体，克隆基因并进行基因的功能研究，取得的主要结果如下：(1)利用含激发标签质粒pSK1015的农杆菌直接转化拟南芥植株，以抗除草剂的Bar基因为筛选标记，获得了约有12000个独立转化株系的突变体库，并从中筛选到2个与抗病、抗逆和发育相关的突变体asr1(auxin and salicylic acid responsive 1)和dai1(drought tolerant and abscisic acid insensitive 1)。

The main work of this dissertation is constructing Arabidopsis gain of function mutants pool, screening mutants related to plant defense response, cloning the genes and studying their functions. The main results are as following:(1) Arabidopsis in planta transformation were made by Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the activation tagging vector pSKI015 with herbicide-resistant Bar gene as a selective marker. About 12000 independent transformant lines were acquired by the above method from which two mutants related to plant defense response and development, asr1 (auxin and salicylic acid responsive 1) and dai1 (drought tolerant and abscisic acid insensitive 1) were isolated.

本文以拟南芥为实验材料，以激发标签为技术平台，构建了拟南芥的功能获得突变体库，从中筛选具有抗病、抗逆表型的突变体，克隆基因并进行基因的功能研究，取得的主要结果如下：(1)利用含激发标签质粒pSKI015的农杆菌直接转化拟南芥植株，以抗除草剂的Bar基因为筛选标记，获得了约有12000个独立转化株系的突变体库，并从中筛选到2个与抗病、抗逆和发育相关的突变体asrl(auxin and salicylic acid responsive l)和dail(dought tolerant and abscisic acidinsensitive l)。

PART Ⅱ IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL EVIDANCE OF SIALIC ACID STRUCTURE IN CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AS THE CRITICAL ANTIGEN TO INDUCE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY To demonstrate the critical role of NANA structure in the pathogenesis of allergic peripheral neuropathy induced by Campylobacter jejuni and provide immunopathological evidence to confirm the supposition of molecular mimicry and cross-immunity between CJ LPS and gangliosides in nerve.

LPS免疫后第2周实验豚鼠的免疫血清中，抗LPS IgG抗体滴度均明显增高，第3周达高峰，第5周仍维持在峰水平，野生株和突变株LPS免疫血清中的抗-野生株LPS IgG抗体滴度较各自免疫前分别增高8倍和4倍，抗-突变株LPS IgG抗体滴度则较各自免疫前分别增高6.5倍和15倍；(2)全身免疫后第3周和第5周，野生株LPS免疫血清中检测到较免疫前增高6倍的抗-GM1 IgG抗体，而NANA缺失的突变株LPS免疫血清中一直未检测到抗-GM1 IgG抗体；(3)野生株LPS免疫组中有17.3％的坐骨神经原纤维发生以轴索变性为主（占65％）的免疫性损伤，与突变株LPS免疫组和对照组比较均有显著性差异。

But when his group stratified the cohort by mutation status, they observed differences in risk reduction."These results also generate the hypothesis that the protection conferred by risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy against specific cancers may differ between carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations," Dr. Kauff told attendees."We found that it is highly protective against BRCA -associated gynecologic cancer in both 1- and 2-mutation carriers." And in breast cancer, his team observed a protective effect in BCRA 2 mutations.

当他的团队统计研究对象的突变状态时，他们观察到风险降低的差异性；Kauff医师向与会听众表示，这些结果也产生了藉由风险降低的输卵管卵巢成形术，对特定癌症所提供的保护效果或许会因BRCA1和BRCA2载体突变而有差异的假设；我们发现对这两种载体突变可以高度有效地对抗BRCA有关的妇科癌症；至于乳癌，他的团队观察到在BCRA2突变有保护效果。

But when his group stratified the cohort by mutation status, they observed differences in risk reduction."These results also generate the hypothesis that the protection conferred by risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy against specific cancers may differ between carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations," Dr. Kauff told attendees."We found that it is highly protective against BRCA -associated gynecologic cancer in both 1- and 2-mutation carriers." And in breast cancer, his team observed a protective effect in BCRA 2 mutations.

当他的团队统计研究对象的突变状态时，他们观察到风险降低的差异性；Kauff医师向与会听众表示，这些结果也产生了藉由风险降低的输卵管卵巢成形术，对特定癌症所提供的保护效果或许会因BRCA1和BRCA2载体突变而有差异的假设；我们发现对这两种载体突变可以高度有效地对抗BRCA有关的妇科癌症；至於乳癌，他的团队观察到在BCRA2突变有保护效果。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。