突变的

And the seismic signal is transformed into the standard form of cusp catastrophe by establishing the cusp model.

阐述了尖点突变理论，建立了地震信号尖点突变模型并转化为尖点突变的标准形式，在时间域内提取突跳势、突跳时间；在频率域内提取突跳势、突跳次数等参数。

The cusp catastrophe theory was described. The cusp catastrophe model of seismic signal was established, and it was converted into the standard form of cusp catastrophe.

阐述了尖点突变理论，建立了地震信号尖点突变模型，并将其转化为尖点突变的标准形式。

In summary, it was first reported that DSB were the main production induced by low-energy heavy ions.

在我们所研究的LacZ基因区，有5个高频突变位点，在整个92个突变体的94个突变位点上发生突变的次数高达6—16次。

To investigate the AR mutants function, the four mutations were constructed respectively into an expression vector containing the human AR cDNA using pALTER II mutagenesis system in vitro.

首先，我们应用pALTER体外致突变系统成功地对这些突变位点进行了人工致突变，构建了这些突变的表达载体，然后应用Western blot分析，对转染入无内源性AR表达的COS-7细胞中的表达载体的表达进行了分析，结果表明，表达载体能有效表达AR，其大小与野生型AR一致。

Firstly, based on the force acting on a single-particle, establish a discriminant formula of the sand threshold, and prove that the sand threshold belongs to the cusp catastrophe. Then establish the basic equation of the cusp catastrophe using coordinate transformation and catastrophe theory. Finally, while particle Reynold number and equivalend diameter are the state variables and Shields parameter is the control variables, we can obtain the model of cusp catastrophe of sand threshold, putting those variables into the basic equations of the cusp catastrophe. The model is derived from the mathematics, which has a certain mathematical theory foundation.

首先从单颗沙粒受力分析出发，建立沙床沙粒起动条件判别公式，进而证明了风沙起动属于尖点型突变；然后通过坐标变换和突变理论建立了尖点突变的基本方程；最后本文选择颗粒雷诺数和等效粒径作为控制变量，希尔兹参数作为状态变量，并把它们代入尖点突变的基本方程，经过拓扑变换得到风沙起动的尖点突变模型，并与前人的公式及实验数据进行比较。

1,After transfected the mutated mtDNA of colorectal carcinoma,the mtDNA D-loop region of the transfected cells displays new mutation points.2,The external source pieces of the mutated mtDNA can integrate to nuclear genome after transfection.3,There's no differences in apoptosis between combinations after transfected the mutation of mtDNA in NIH3T3 and LST cells.4,The mutated mtDNA may affect the action mechanism of occurrence and development in colorectal carcinoma through affecting its mtDNA mutation or integrating exogenetic mtDNA to its nuclear which may cause the abnormal expression of oncogene or anti-oncogene.

（1）转染突变的大肠癌细胞mtDNA后转染细胞的mtDNA均可发生多处的突变位点。（2）通过转染后突变的外源性的mtDNA可以整合到核基因组内。（3）突变的mtDNA转染LST细胞及NIH3T3细胞后，不影响转染细胞的凋亡改变。（4）mtDNA的突变可能通过影响体细胞mtDNA的突变和通过外源性mtDNA在核内的整合从而影响癌基因或抑癌基因的表达异常，从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。

1,After transfected the mutated mtDNA of colorectal carcinoma,the mtDNA D-loop region of the transfected cells displays new mutation points.2,The external source pieces of the mutated mtDNA can integrate to nuclear genome after transfection.3,There's no differences in apoptosis between combinations after transfected the mutation of mtDNA in NIH3T3 and LST cells.4,The mutated mtDNA may affect the action mechanism of occurrence and development in colorectal carcinoma through affecting its mtDNA mutation or integrating exogenetic mtDNA to its nuclear which may cause the abnormal expression of oncogene or anti-oncogene.

（1）转染突变的大肠癌细胞mtDNA后转染细胞的mtDNA均可发生多处的突变位点。（2）通过转染后突变的外源性的mtDNA可以整合到核基因组内。（3）突变的mtDNA转染LST细胞及NIH3T3细胞后，不影响转染细胞的凋亡改变。（4）mtDNA的突变可能通过影响体细胞mtDNA的突变和通过外源性mtDNA在核内的整合从而影响癌基因或抑癌基因的表达异常，从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。线粒体DNA；D―环区；突变；质粒；pcDNA3.1；转染

Objetive:To investigate the histopathological features and detect the mutation of JAK2V617F in PV、ET and IMF;to analyze the effects of the stages of myelofibrosis and the mutation on the number of leucocyte in PV and ET patients;Methods: the morphological features of 69 patients who dignosed in the first time were studied by HGF and Gomori stains ; the mutation of JAK2V617F was detected in 38 blood or marrow samples of PV、ET and IMF patients by real-time PCR;the effects of the stages of myelofibrosis and the mutation on leucocytes were analyzed;Results: Different stages of reticulin were observed in 15 PV and 15 ET patiens'marrow sections,and the cytosis、the pleomorphism and the bone trabecula side location of megakaryocytes were observed in all PV、ET and IMF patients;the means of leucocyte in patients with and without JAK2V617F were 20.4×109/Land 11.4×109/L respectively;the P value was 0.367 as comparing the leucocytes among different stages of reticulin increasing.

目的：探讨PV、ET、IMF患者的骨髓病理特点并且检测JAK2V617F突变的发生率，分析骨髓中纤维增生程度以及JAK2V617F对PV、ET患者白细胞数的影响；方法：69例初诊患者的骨髓切片经HGF染色以及Gomori染色后进行形态学研究；并利用real-time PCR法测38例患者的骨髓或者外周血的JAK2V617F突变；分析骨髓切片中纤维组织增生程度以及JAK2突变对患者白细胞数的影响；结果：15例PV和15例ET患者的骨髓切片中可以观察到不同程度的纤维组织增生，所有PV、ET、IMF患者骨髓病理中可见到巨核细胞增多、巨核细胞多形性改变以及巨核细胞定位于骨小梁旁；12例PV、4例ET、4例IMF中检测到JAK2V617F；有突变和无突变患者发病时白细胞数均值分别为20.4×109/L和11.4×109/L，比较不同纤维增生程度的PV、ET患者的白细胞数均值，P值为0.367。

The genetic study suggested that the carbendazim-resistance in these mutants could be steadily inherited by asexual and selfed reproduction, and the resistance was controlled by the same single major gene both in laboratory mutants and field resistant isolates, the different levels of resistance or the same resistant level in different strains maybe conferred by mutations at different sites or one site with different allelic mutations. The gene compensates for the sensitivity to MDPC was allelic to that governs the carbendazim resistance, but the mutation for increasing sensitivity to MDPC in this gene could get the pathogen highly resistant to carbendazim.

抗药性遗传研究表明，在所研究的抗药突变体中，抗药性在自交和无性繁殖后代中能稳定遗传；室內抗药突变体和田间抗药菌株对多菌灵的抗药性由同一个主效基因控制，但它们发生突变的位点不同或者同一碱基位点发生了不同的突变；对MDPC的敏感性也是由单个基因控制的，该基因与控制多菌灵抗性的基因是等位基因，当该基因发生对MDPC的敏感性增加的突变时会使病菌对多菌灵产生高水平抗性。

It was also found base transversion had a extremely high ocurrence frequency in the single base substitution mutants when the plasmid was replicated in FL-FEN-1〓 cell or MNNG pretreated FL-FEN-1〓 cell, while in all mutants with multiple base substitution there were at least one transversion mutation taken place.

分析还发现，在FL-FEN-1〓细胞自发突变和非定标突变含有单碱基替换突变的突变子中，碱基颠换的发生率极高，而在FL-FEN-1〓细胞自发突变和非定标突变的多碱基替换突变子中，每个突变子均至少含有一个碱基颠换突变。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。