突变形成

Morphological and anatomical studies revealed that there are no axillary meristem and tiller bud in the leaf axil of moc1 mutant plants. Therefore, we predict that MOC1 gene is required for axillary meristem initiation and tiller bud formation.

组织解剖学的观察表明，在moc1突变体的叶腋里没有腋生分生组织和分蘖芽，因此推测MOC1基因是腋生分生组织的起始和分蘖芽的形成所必需的。

Pike protein consists of S1 and S2 subunit. S1 is head and S2 is rod-shape part, intermolecular effort can bind each other. S1 can bind with host cell epimembranal acceptor. S2 can fix integral Spike protein on the cellular membrane and mediate cell-fusion with virus and host cell. There are significant antigen determinant of virus in Spike protein, genic heterogenesis can effect viral pathogenicity. SARS-CoV Spike protein, which has 23 pieces larvaceous glycosylation sit, consists of 1256 amino acid. Its N-terminals and C-terminals is corresponding conservative.

蛋白是I型膜糖蛋白，介导病毒与宿主细胞膜上的受体结合并与宿主细胞膜相融合。S蛋白由S1和S2两个亚基组成。S1形成球状部分，S2形成棒状部分，两者之间通过分子间的作用力相互结合。S1能与宿主细胞上的受体结合，S2可把整个S蛋白固定在细胞膜上，并介导病毒包膜与宿主细胞膜融合。S蛋白上有重要的病毒抗原决定簇，S基因的突变会影响病毒的致病性。

In this exper iment,we took the advantage of RNAi technique,microinjected tinman and singless dsRNA into the early embryos in Drosophila respectively and got these two genes' RNAi phenotypes,which were very similar to that of their mutant,showing heart tube defects or no heart precursors formation.tinman dsRNA eve caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption,yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles,indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosophila.

实验运用RNAi技术，分别将tinman和wingless的dsRNA注入果蝇的早期胚胎，得到了这两个基因的dsRNA干扰表型，与两个基因的突变体表型非常相似，都表现为果蝇心脏前体细胞不能形成或心脏管缺失。尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

To clone new disease gene of CMT, many myelin and myelin-related gene had been analysised by homologue searching. Quaking mouse, one of the mutation mouse with the clinic feature similar to Trembler mouse (the gene mutation mouse of PMP22) with the characterization of demylination in both the central and the peripheral nervous system, its disease gene had just been cloned accession No.

为进一步克隆新的CMT致病基因，在分析出CMT已克隆的基因均为与髓鞘有关的基因后，通过筛选有关髓鞘基因，我们发现，quaking基因突变小鼠因髓鞘形成障碍而出现震颤，其中枢和周围神经均有脱髓鞘，类似于PMP22基因突变鼠"Trembler"的临床表现。

The analysis of the mutants of amrA and amkA showed that the production of rifamycin SV had decreased about 10%-20%.

用双交换法在地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32染色体上插入阿泊拉霉素抗性基因，成功地构建了了amrA，amkA和amrB基因的突变株，其中amrA，amkA基因突变株的菌丝形态与野生型U32之间有较明显的差别，在菌丝的末端形成卷曲或弯曲。

In addition ,an asporogenous mutant G5was obtained from Bs C3-41 wild strain ,in which the formation of the spore was blocked at the stage III of the sporulation course .

此外，还诱变筛选到一株稳定遗传的Bs无芽孢突变株G5，其芽孢形成阻断于第三期，能够形成晶体，二元素表达量较高，可作为后选的工程菌受体。

In fact, any factor which interfere the formation of the hexameric IL-6 receptor complex might inhibit or antagonize the effect of IL-6. These factors include the IL-6 mutant, sIL-6Rα mutant and soluble gp130, as well as their antibodies.

事实上，任何能干扰IL-6信号转导中异六聚体复合物形成的因素都可能抑制或拮抗IL-6的作用，其中包括IL-6的突变体分子、sIL-6Rα的突变体分子和可溶性gp130分子以及它们的抗体。

Chapter 4 of this dissertation has carried out a physical simulation study about the processes of formation and laws of evolution of the fan delta in Baimiao gas field. Based on the results of the study about the geological background in this area, this paper has discussed about the sedimentation facies marks for the fan delta in Baimiao gas field, worked out a detailed proposal about the development of physical simulation experiment about the fan delta, and described in detail the general laws and major controlling factors governing the sedimentation processes of the fan delta. A detailed measurement was made about the experimental results, and a systematic comparison was made relative to the prototypic characteristics. Based on the observation and description about the experimental processes and the analyses about the experimental results, this paper has give

在本章中，指出了数值模拟研究的基本特点，给出了扇三角洲形成过程的基本控制方程和数学解法：在此基础上设计和开发了扇三角洲形回成过程的平面二维数值模拟软件，并对计算过程中所遇到的主要问题一计算速度较慢开展研究，对比了以天、旬、月为时间单元进行汁算对沉积结果的影响，研究认为，在流量无突变的情况下，可以适当增长计算的时间步长和适当放松精度要求；根据白庙气田扇三角洲的基本地质特征设计了数值模拟计算的基本条件，以月为单位，计算了扇三角洲四百年的形成过程及演化规律，并以50年为单位输出沉积结果；本章最后还对数值模拟方法及结果进行了讨论。

Results:(1) The conchosporangia of brown yellow mutant was smaller and mature time was 15 days later than the parents. Thallus grew slowly in early stage, but average daily growth rate reached (7.50±1.18) cm after blade length was over 60 cm.(2)The emerald conchocelis were easy to mature and had special developmental mode that the spherulocytes can directly develop into sporangial branchlets and conchosporangia without thick conchocelis stage. Emerald blades were low in RPE with just (6.4710±0.0184) mg/g dry mass. The thallus grew quickly, average daily growth rate reached (11.95±2.33) cm after blade length was over 60 cm.(3) The conchocelis filaments of breen mutant were thin and short. Thallus grew slowly and had low contents of three phycobiliprotenin and chlorophyl.

实验进行50d。结果：(1)褐黄色突变体藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白含量低；孢子囊枝的细胞较小，且大量形成时间比亲本晚15d；幼苗培养初期日平均生长量仅为(1.22±0.28)cm，当叶片长到60cm左右时生长优势逐步凸显，日平均生长量可达(7.50±1.18)cm；(2)翠绿色丝状体容易成熟，发育方式特殊，营养藻丝不经过藻丝加粗阶段，直接由球形细胞发育成孢子囊枝和壳孢子囊；翠绿色叶状体藻红蛋白含量低，仅有(5.5130±1.0496)mg/g；叶状体生长快速，60cm长的藻体日平均生长量高达(11.95±2.33)cm；(3)褐绿色突变体藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白这3种色素蛋白和叶绿素的含量均较低；藻丝细胞短且细，叶状体生长速度较慢。

We use plate to check the lipase activity ,the lipase activity is very low, Compared to the wild type , the mutant could not form the clear halo on the olive oil plate but tributyrin plate, it showed that the 227 th Serine was essential for the lipase activity.

与野生型相比，突变体脂肪酶的酶活很低，不能在橄榄油平板上形成透明圈，但可以在以三丁酸甘油酯为底物的平板上形成透明圈，表明第227位丝氨酸可能对脂肪酶酶酶活具有重要影响。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。