空间化

Linear Algebra is mainly a subject which studies the linear structure of finite dimensional linear space and its linear transformation while linear concept is in itself from the old Euclid Geometry. The concept of "Linear Space" is a kind of algebraic abstract. In many fields of modern engineering project and technology, because of the influence of computer and graph showing, the algebraic disposal of geometric questions, the visual disposal of algebraic questions, algebra and geometry are tightly combined.

线性代数主要是研究有限维线性空间及其线性变换这一代数结构的学科，而线性概念究其根源则是来自古老的Euclid几何，线性空间概念是几何空间的一种代数抽象，在现代工程技术的许多领域里，由于计算机及图形显示的强大威力，几何问题的代数化处理，代数问题的可视化处理，把代数与几何更加紧密地结合在一起。

We prove every linear and local centralizer on J -subspace lattice algebras is a centralizer.

第三章研究J -子空间格代数的局部中心化子，证明J -子空间格代数的线性局部中心化子是中心化子。

Traditional method to coarsen and disperse the spatial data to lower administer unit in order to let spatial data be agreement to statistic data loses some spatial information. The comprehensive indexes got from these data of course cannot express the land-use spatial differentiation regularity well.

传统的研究方法是将空间数据"粗化"和"离散化"到行政单元上，与统计数据匹配，结果失去了一些指标的空间分布信息，得到的综合评价指数并不能较好地反映区域土地利用的空间分异规律。

The quality of interior environment in nursing home residents will become one of the attention-getting subjects due to the gradual increase of aging populations This paper directs at the research of nursing home's interior environment factors in Tainan We use the standard of international practice to analyze the intrinsical data of environmental monitoring and establish the characteristics which from environmental physical reaction of nursing home The research items are air environments (PM10 CO CO2 formaldehyde TVOC) temperate environments and light environment (illumination average brightness daylight factor) etc There are the inductive conclusions of this research: 1 In basic medicine the clinical diagnosis means the theory and technique about physical examination with patients The definition of clinical diagnosis in architecture should be the diagnosis of building preserve and improve the feasible way to extend building's service life and assure the residents of the healthy quality of interior environment The object of clinical diagnosis in architecture is not only to ensure the use of structure and environment quality but also keep the structure and environment quality in sustainable; therefore creating an efficient system of preserving plan is needed 2 It is an accurate and technical circumstance which about improving remedying and reconstructing the problems of structure space This circumstance includes finding questions ensuring causation ascertaining ultimate strength evaluating environment quality estimating the necessary of restoration and implementing on a suitable way Furthermore when reconstructing and ameliorating the appearance of structure space it should be respected and the memories of it should be preserved 3 In clinical diagnosis of environment quality of space the question of physical environment and the deficiencies of structure must be separated The structure space of construction and the high quality of space should be inspected strictly then observed the crucial reason that can find out any invisible and hidden causes The diagnosis of construction is to observe the reason of destroyed structure The environmental diagnosis of indoor and outdoor is to find out the crucial reason that influences health 4 In order to decrease the iterant problems the construction and environment of space should be diagnosed However the destruction by natural strength and artificial using by human are important causes that can affect the service life of construction Searching the cause of disease just like curing the patient which includes inspection diagnosis cure and prevention We tested the thermal conductivity of siding material in this research and then found out the roof east vertical face and west vertical face have most radiant heat especially the construction of RC The characteristics of opaquely outer casing have relations with the thermal conductivity of wall to wiz the ability of heat insulation Therefore increasing the efficiency of heat insulation and decreasing the endoergic factor of insolation are very important to temperate environments

而随著国内老年人人口逐渐增加，逐渐迈向高龄化之同时，对於高龄者使用空间之室内环境品质相关议题之探讨，亦成为未来我们需加以关注之议题之一。主要为针对台南某安养中心室内环境因子进行检测调查工作，利用现场室内环境测定以取得有效的实测数据；再藉由汇整相关国际评估基准，并进行实测数据比对分析，建立老人安养中心对物理环境反应之特性。并以前期相关研究文献回顾与老人安养中心实测案例现场的实验，来了解不同空间物理环境特性之影响，并将结果回馈实际建筑及室内设计之用。调查工作项目包含：空气环境之PM10、CO、CO2、甲醛、TVOC；温热环境之室内温度、相对湿度、人体PMV、PPD；光环境之照度、均齐度、昼光率等因子调查。本研究结果可归纳以下几点结论： 1 所谓临床诊断医学乃相对於基础医学而言，是指实际与病人接触的医疗及护理行为中牵涉到的理论和技术；而建筑的临床诊断的定义应为建筑本体与室内外诊断、维护及改善所有可行的方式来延长建筑物的寿命，并确保人与室内环境空间品质的健康。建筑临床诊断目的为确保结构体与环境品质能继续使用，而能维持所需要的效能及承受能力。一个有效的维护计画体系是必须建立的 2 在建筑空间之问题改善、治疗与修复执行中，是一个精确与技术性的事项，其中包含找出问题、确定原因、评估结构应力强度、评估环境品质、评估修复与改善必要性、选择及执行一个适当的过程。其改善与修复也必须尊重建筑空间原有色彩与形貌，并保留原有记忆及文化。 3 在临床诊断中空间环境品质中，物理性环境问题与结构构件缺陷必须分别判断，诊断建筑空间之结构与空间舒适品质必须详细观察其症结性问题，才能发现任何隐藏及有潜伏性缺陷的原因。建筑本体诊断是观察出建筑本体之破坏原因，而是内外空间环境诊断目的在於的找出影响健康因素之症结性问题。 4 建筑本体与空间环境之预防评估目的为降低与抑制问题的再发生。然而，自然力的破坏与人为使用因素皆是影响建筑生命期之主要因素，找出病源问题就如同医生对病人的处理，包含了侦查、诊断、治疗以及预防。 5 本研究以外墙材料热传导率测试结果发现，屋面与东西向立面是承受辐射热最多的地方，尤以 RC 的建筑更甚，不透明部分的外壳能特性主要与壁体的热传透率即隔热能力有关，但是承受来自日射的吸热影响，因此增加隔热性能与降低日射吸热因子是对温热环境是非常重要的。

This paper disserts the represent form of space data model, and discusses three dimensional space data model based on the grid, and points out the integrated necessariness and integrated represent method about the grid-vector spatial data model, and provids a Euclidean distance converting model and algorithm with regard to change from vector data to grid data, as well as establishes the foundation for spatial data handing and spatial data mining.

文章论述了空间数据模型的表示形式，重点讨论了基于栅格的三维空间数据模型，指出了栅格矢量空间数据模型集成化的必要性以及集成化表示方法，给出了将矢量数据转换为栅格数据的欧氏距离变换与算法，为基于栅格空间数据的空间数据处理和空间数据挖掘奠定了基础。

Firstly,by using the estimating methodfor the compact embedding operators(from weighted Sobolev space to the weighted〓space),we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the discreteness of thespectrum of certain differential operators.Secondly,based on the property of thespectrum of difinitizable operators on the Krein space,we consider the left definitedifferential equations with middle deficiency indices,and give a completecharacterization for self-adjoint(J-self-adjoint)differential operators in theindefinite inner product space 〓.Especially,we prove that all the J-self-adjoint differential operators are definitizable.

我们首先运用加权Sobolev空间到加权〓空间嵌入算子紧性的判别方法，证明一类加权自伴微分算子具有离散谱的充要条件；然后，基于Krein空间上可定化算子谱的性质，对于具中间亏指数的左定型微分方程，建立其相应的微分算式在不定度规空间〓上所生成自伴算子的完备性刻画（特别证明了J-自伴微分算子具有可定化性）。

Space curve is one of the basic elements in geometric modeling, and its effective representation is the basis of modeling. Parametric representation based on features is a kind of high-level representation including semantic information. In Chapter 4, para- metric representations based on features for free form space curve are investigated, and a parametric model for the loop of plain knitted fabric is established, in which 5 parameters with practical meanings are used to represent the shape of a loop and the relationship between loops. A new shrinkage prediction method for knitted fabric are proposed based on the parametric representation and energy minimizing. Experimental results on some plain knitted fabrics illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

空间曲线是造型中最基本的几何元素之一，对其有效的表示是造型的基础，而特征参数化表示是其中一种包含语义信息的高层次表示，本文对空间自由曲线的特征参数化表示进行研究，建立了一种针织物线圈的特征参数化几何模型，采用5个具有实际意义的参数表示织物线圈的几何形状及线圈之间的位置关系，并将该模型与能量极小化的方法相结合，得到了一种能较好地预测针织物缩水率的新模型，对随机选取的一些针织布缩水预测实验表明了算法的可行性。

In western painting it came from the primitive society when a few space factors appeared in the mural paintings sketched out by single line, the Greek bottle picture with the simple perspectivity, the Rome mural painting in which the perspectivity was originated, the Middle Ages when the perspectivity develop relatively slowly, the Renaissauce when the perspectivity highly developed, the Post Impressionism when Cezanne reformed the structure of space subjectively and orderly to open the gate of Modern Art, the 21 Century when the space was des-constructed and the idea of space developed pluratislically, at last the beginning of Actionism , to reach the end of the development of the space in painting, so to achieve the return from the three-dimensional illusion to the reality.

西方绘画由原始社会单线勾勒的壁画中极少的空间因素的运用，继而希腊瓶画中简单的透视。罗马时期透视法的萌芽，中世纪的相对滞缓的发展，文艺复兴时期对自然完善的表现至塞尚，则开启了现代艺术中空间主观化、秩序化的先河，进而出现二十世纪绘画空间解构、重组、多元化发展的状况，行为艺术的产生，实现了绘画空间由三维幻象到真实的还原，成为西方绘画的空间发展历程的终结点。

However, Jiazhangke's films create the space by using motion, shooting scale ,the relations among performers and the transportation and a outer space of image in Jia's films is also created through dispatching the shot, performers and multiple space ,refering to which this text reexplains and conformities the film's concept of space and analyses how to create the space using audio in order to formulate Jia's understandings to space――the film space view of "non-mirror-image" and the inherent tension and open space idea taking root on the reality.

本文通过对电影空间概念的重新诠释和整合，以及对贾樟柯利用运动、景别、人物关系和交通工具营造空间，通过贾樟柯对影片中镜头、演员、多重空间的调度，创造画外空间，和用声音创造空间等实证性的分析，阐述了贾樟柯对空间的理解——非镜像化的电影空间，以及这种理解扎根于当下、立足于现实而形成的内在的张力和开放式的空间观念，揭示了他的作品独特的空间观念及这种空间观念对中国电影民族化的影响。

A diverse range of effects:on protein solubility and secretion was observed,and these effects were highly dependent on the particular chaperone.In the host strain over-expressing chaperone SecB harboroing pSecB,the amount of total periplasmic proteins was increased by about 71％and the activities of alkaline phosphatseand GL-7-ACA acylase(GL7A)were increased by about 54％and l.5-fold respectively.In the host strain over-expressing chaperone GroEL bearing pGroEL,the amount of total periplasmic proteins was increased by 52％,and the activity of penicillin G acylasewas in creased by about 76％;about 90％of Hexameric Calcitonin(Cal6)inclusion body and l5％of MS2interleukin3(MS2-HIL3)inclusion body became soluble respectively.All the data were compared with the parental strains un-bearing plasmdis pSecB or pGroEL.

在过量表达SecB的宿主菌中，周质空间分泌蛋白总量较对照组提高了约71％，GL-7-ACA酰化酶在周质空间酶的活力较对照组提高了约1.5倍，碱性磷酸酯酶在周质空间酶的活力较对照组提高了约54％；在过量表达GroEL的宿主菌中，周质分泌蛋白总量较对照组提高了约52％，青霉素G酰化在周质空间酶的活力较对照组提高了约76％，鲑鱼降钙素六聚体的可落性组分的比例由原来的45％增加到约90％，而MS2-人白介素-3融合蛋白的包涵体有约15％转变为可溶性组份。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。