空间与时间的

With the establishmentof the equivalent medium model, RTM-DRE was applied to study radiative transfer intransparent medium with scattering particles. By taking into account of absorption andscatter of particles, absorption of binder and reflection of interface, the apparent spectrumabsorption model of thermal control coatings was developed by RTM-DRE combined withMies theory. Validity, computational error and time of the model were validated andanalyzed. Furthermore, the apparent spectrum absorption characteristics of thermal controlcoatings were studied, and the influences of optical characteristics of binder and particles,volume fraction of particles, particles diameter, characteristics of interface, and incidentangle of irradiance were analyzed.

采用RTM-DRE研究热控涂层内辐射传递，结合Mie氏散射理论，考虑粒子吸收与散射、基料吸收、界面反射等因素影响，建立热控涂层表观光谱吸收率计算模型，验证计算模型的正确性，分析计算模型的计算误差与计算时间；在此基础上，通过计算热控涂层表观光谱吸收率来研究热控涂层表观光谱吸收特性，分析基料与粒子光学特性、粒子体积份额、粒径、界面反射特性、辐射能量入射角等因素的影响，初步研究空间环境因素对热控涂层表观光谱吸收特性的影响，采用系统灵敏度理论定量分析热控涂层表观光谱吸收特性变化对卫星温度的影响。

Thirdly, on the base of the existent error estimate of elliptical Galerkin projection operator, obtain semi-discrete and complete-discrete error estimates betwent EFG solution and exact solution of parabolic partial differential equation. Semi-discrete error estimate show that the rank of r is accordance with the approximation rank of subspace S_h. Complete-discrete error estimates show that it not only have relation with radius r of domain of influence, but also have relation with the step length of time variable and the way of discrete.Lastly, give typical examples and draw up procedures of MATLAB.

再次，在"椭圆Galerkin投影"算子的误差估计的基础上，对用EFG法解抛物型偏微分方程的EFG解与精确解之间作了半离散和全离散的误差估计，半离散的误差估计表明所给出的误差界限关于r的阶是与子空间S_h的逼近阶相一致的，全离散的误差估计表明所产生的误差不但与影响域半径r有关，而且与离散时间变量的步长τ及其离散方式有关。

In order to solve the problem,We proposed a simple formula for computing paraxial travel time of single-way wave operator. The formula is based on the forward and inverse transform between time-space domain to frequency-wavenumber domain and from vector field to exponential manifold. The travel time are expressed as polynomials of the horizontal offset between the two points, and the single-square-root operator in frequency-wavenumber domain are expressed as polynomials of wavenumber. Coefficients of travel time polynomials and that of single-square-root operator are related each other and calculated by Lie algebraic integrand, exponential map and the saddle-point method.

针对此，基于时间空间域到频率波数域和向量场到指数流形上的正反变换，提出了计算单程波算子旁轴走时的简便公式，将走时表示成空间变量(地面点到地下相点的水平距离)的多项式，将频率波数域单平方根算子表示成波数的多项式，运用Lie代数积分、指数映射和鞍点法将走时多项式的系数与单平方根算子的系数联系起来，运用单平方根算子的系数计算走时多项式的系数。

In order to solve the problem, We proposed a simple formula for computing paraxial travel time of single-way wave operator. The formula is based on the forward and inverse transform between time-space domain to frequency-wavenumber domain and from vector field to exponential as polynomials of wavenumber. Coefficients of travel time polynomials and that of single-square-root operator are related each other and calculated by Lie algebraic integrand, exponential map and the saddlepoint method.

针对此，基于时间空间域到频率波数域和向量场到指数流形上的正反变换，提出了计算单程波算子旁轴走时的简便公式，将走时表示成空间变量（地面点到地下相点的水平距离）的多项式，将频率波数域单平方根算子表示成波数的多项式，运用Lie代数积分、指数映射和鞍点法将走时多项式的系数与单平方根算子的系数联系起来，运用单平方根算子的系数计算走时多项式的系数。

The results are as follows:① The mean spatial position of the tropical tropopause and the polar tropopause approximately consistent with heating fields of the tropopause, and isopiestic, isotherm present zonality and appear wave motion at the middle and high latitude . The tropopause temperature and pressure are not symmetrical between two hemispheres.② The interannual variations of the tropopause zonal-mean pressure and temperature anomalies are remarkable.

结果表明：①热带对流层顶和极地对流层顶的平均气压场的空间位置和热状况大致吻合，并存在空间波动性，两半球对流层顶的温压场具有显著的非对称性；②对流层顶的纬向气压与温度距平场都具有不同尺度的年际和年代际变化，两极地区对流层顶的温压场最不稳定，两半球中纬度地区的时间演变尺度存在明显差异。

Secondly, according to the theory of retrieving model using time series and the self-memorization principle, the grey self-memory model based on grey system theory and phase space self-memory model established using chaotic theory are put forward, and the two kinds of models are applied to the analogy and forecasting of hydrologic time series, and the application field of the self-memory model is further expanded from extent and profundity.

更进一步，根据时间序列反演建模基本理论和系统自记忆性基本原理，提出了基于灰色系统理论的灰色自记忆预报模型和基于混沌理论的相空间自记忆预报模型，并应用于水文时间序列的模拟与预测，从广度和深度上更加拓广了自记忆模型的应用范围。

Whereas, this article will adopt the autology of New Media Art to discuss its meanings of ontology. The newness of New Media Art will be highlighted. That is, how we orientate and interpret the core of"new", how we distinguish and classify the impact caused by the application of new technologies and mixed media, how to explain and analyse the contradictive as well as unitive relations among image, time and space in New Media Art. This article argues about some controversial academic notions and defines aesthetic scopes logically, in a hope to provide the study of New Media Art with tangible aims and stands.

有鉴于此，本文从媒体艺术的媒体属性入手，对新媒体艺术的本体论意义进行阐释，特别突出了新媒体艺术&新&的本质(即我们怎样定位和解读其&新的内核&)；对现代技术和混合媒体的应用给当代艺术带来的影响与冲击进行甄别与归类；对新媒体艺术中的影像、时间与空间因素之间内在的既矛盾又统一的复杂关系加以分析，以期对争议已久的学术概念和美学范畴进行合理的界定，为我们对新媒体艺术发展趋势的研究与实践确立明确的目标和立足点。

Especially in urban life street all contradictions and conflicts are sharpened. At the """"same"""" time and the """"same"""" space, pedestrian, biker who ride bicycle and three-wheeled cart, driver and passenger in bus, taxi and small car, have different """"city experiences"""". What we have to do is to create harmonious-coexisting street space in which humanization and emotion turn.

而城市生活性街道正是这些矛盾的集中体现，其使用主体多样：行人、骑车者、司机与乘客（公交车、出租车、小汽车），他们在&同一&时间，&同一&空间演绎着不同的&城市经历&，而我们的任务就是为他们创造和谐共存的人性化、情感化的街道空间场所。

China's cultural ecumenism is long and durable, but attempts to make it commensurate with political oneness have only produced entities of limited scales of time and of space.

中国文化统一的时间漫长，但每当与政治统一结合的时候，所产生的体制往往局限于时间和空间。

Of that is China's cultural ecumenism is long and durable; attempts to make it commensurate with political oneness have only produced entities of limited scales of time and of space.

中国文化统一的时间漫长，但每当与政治统一结合的时候，所产生的体制往往局限于时间和空间。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。