空间

The dissertation focused on the technologies, algorithm and application of WBSDM, and the main studies and new contributions are described as follows: 1. Technologies of spatial data mining and web-based data mining are summarized and then the concept of WBSDM is put forward and its main functions and meaning of research are disserted in detail. 2. The framework of web-based spatial data mining is presented. And its background, definition, features, functions, system structure, implementation strategy, key technologies and so on are illustrated systematically.

本项研究旨在总结空间数据挖掘技术和基于Web的数据挖掘技术及WBSDM的应用前景；系统地提出基于Web的空间数据挖掘框架；设计基于XML/J2EE的WBSDM平台模型；将MAS(Multi-AgentSystem)技术引入WBSDM并提出应用策略；研究基于粗糙集的空间知识库刻画模型，提出并实现高维数据的特征提取和数据浓缩算法；提出并实现基于知识库的知识发现模型；构造一个WBSDM的原型实验系统，对本文的相关研究进行验证。

As far as time alignment is concerned, in a certain space, IR element distends in quantity and evolves in quality to accumulate IR as time goes by. While as far as space alignment is concerned, in some certain time, IR element has diversion and exchange in quantity and quality to make the IR element flow.

从时间序列看，在一定空间中信息资源要素随着时间推移而发生量的扩张和质的演进是为信息资源积累；从空间序列看，在一定时间内信息资源要素随着空间变迁而发生的量与质的转移、交换等现象是为信息资源要素流动。

The spatial significance obtains from suspicion the traditional space order as well as the intention behavior and the space mutually entangles and response reference.

空间主题意义的获致来源于对传统空间秩序的质疑以及意向行为在空间的双向纠合、反应参照。

On the basis of PCA and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering, a new algorithm which can be applied to segment the color image with shadows and faculae is proposed.

论文首先分析了为什么要使用模糊聚类的技术；然后讨论了聚类空间对聚类结果的影响，着重介绍了本文聚类时所用的&指定分割区域色彩特征空间&，分析了采用该空间的理论和实验依据；为了进一步提高分割准确性，根据主分量分析的统计原理，我们进一步对聚类数据进行了权重变换，并在FCM中引入簇分布方向性的计算。

He leaved out energy consuming of some speak in the pubic, and lose some chance for fame and gain, but felicitated, his literature character did not lost, his literature journey continuing, his literature space was widening.

他省去一些公开发言的能量消耗，因此也失去一些名利双收的机会，但庆幸的是，他的文学品格不曾流失，他的文学旅程依然在继续，他的文学&空间&在拓展，&空间随着在世而被揭示&，并得以通达空间本身。

Then the special distribution and statistical characteristic of the seismic damage of the urban buildings can be graphed.

然后利用GIS把多重空间数据进行空间复合，给出城市建筑物震害的空间分布及其统计特征，并识别出城市建筑物的重灾区。

At the angle of the psychology about patient's hospitalizing, the article puts forward that well-ordered, convenient, comfortable space of clinic comes into being by controlling the distance of hospitalizing, choosing the reasonable mode of organization for the space of clinic.

本文从病人就诊行为心理学出发，提出通过对病人就诊流线距离的控制，合理选择门诊空间组织模式，注重门诊功能科室在水平向与层次上的合理安排，以及有效的室内空间设计，达到创造有序、便捷、舒适的门诊就诊空间。

The characteristics of geospatial metadata is discussed,the object hypostases of geospatial metadata is anatomized,and object model of geospatial metadata is constructed.

论述了地理空间信息元数据中的对象的特质，构建了地理空间信息元数据对象模型，提出了结合面向对象中的对象操作和面向对象软件工程的地理空间信息元数据标准的研制方法。

Object hypostases of geospatial metadata are anatomized. Geospatial metadata is understood and described with the object-oriented idea, and its organization and management mode based on the object-oriented method is presented. It overcomes shortcomings of existing modes.

剖析了地理空间元数据的&对象&特性，然后以面向对象的思想对地理空间元数据重新加以认识和描述，提出了基于面向对象方法的地理空间元数据组织和管理模式，克服了已有模式的不足。

Pure-remote sensing information models are free of the numerous distributional parameters that are difficult to obtain in vast area. The following sections are included in the study.(1) The VCI and SVI based on time-series NDVI data are used to analyse regional drought and the following results were reached: As the vegetation growth status index, the response of VCI and SVI to precipitation was land cover type, temporal and site specified. So VCI and SVI have little information about drought when used to monitor regional drought especially in China that has a mountainous topographty.(2) Based on the interpretation of NDVI-Ts space, NDVI and land surface temperature was combined to construct NVDI-Ts space from which the TVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) was obtained with line ratio method and normalized slopes method. When compared with the topsoil moisture measured in situ, TVDI are competent in regional drought monitoring. Illumed by the NDVI-Ts space, we combined the NDVI with day/night land surface temperature difference and apparent thermal inertia to construct NDVI-ΔT and NDVI-ATI spaces from which the DVDI and AVDI were estimated respectively with 8-day composite MODIS 〓 product and 16-day composite MODIS NDVI product.

具体包括以下几方面的内容：(1)VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用评价：探讨利用NDVI时间系列数据建立的植被状态指数和标准植被指数评价区域干旱的可行性，研究结果表明：VCI和SVI作为植被相对生长状况指标，对降水的响应随着植被覆盖类型、时间和空间等而表现出不同的敏感性，因此在大区域干旱监测中，特别是我国这样地形复杂多样的国家，VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用都是有限的；(2)利用TVDI评价全国干旱等级分布：结合陆地表面温度和植被指数建立NDVI-T〓空间，在NDVI-T〓空间物理意义理解的基础上，分别采用线段比值法和斜率归一化法构建温度植被干旱指数，并利用TVDI研究了我国2000年3～5月份各旬的干旱分布，取得比较满意的结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。