空间

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

This perspective focuses on the dual relation between society and space: on one hand, human have to behave in the space under the influence of social structure.

这种视角强调了社会与空间的双重关系：一方面，人类在社会结构的限制下，在一定的空间下运行；另一方面，人类可以创造和改变空间以表达自己的需求和欲望。

Using homogeneous projective coordinate,this paper presents a researches of the dual of projective space and reveals the essence of dual fundamentals of projective space the same coordinate represents both point and plane,and there is a dual relation in the point and plane.

射影空间是对偶结构，用齐次射影坐标研究了射影空间的对偶原理，从而揭示出射影空间里互相对偶的点与平面的坐标之间的内在联系

Spatial distribution of cultural industry belongs to the research field of cultural geography and economic geography.

文化产业空间分布是从空间的角度发现、解释文化产业的空间分布规律，属于文化地理学和经济地理学的研究范畴。

A foreground subject is first converted to a binary image and transformed to a new space by eigenspace and canonical space transformations.

将抽取的影像以二值化，再将经过特徵空间以及标准空间转换，投影至标准空间。

In our system, foreground subject is first extracted as the binary image by a statistical background model using frame ratio which is robust to illumination change, and then transformed by eigenspace and canonical space transformation, and recognition is done in canonical space.

在我们的系统中，每一影像序列的前景人物会利用一个统计的背景模型而被抽取出来，并以二值化影像代替。背景模型会使用到连续影像的相除。接著，二值化影像经由特徵空间及标准空间转换投影至标准空间。

The use of mobile phone signal isolator, can be automatically designated to form the framework of an effective s你好eld to block mobile phone signals in the magnetic field, edsun-2010 mobile phone signal blocking s你好elding device is 10-40 meters in diameter in the range of effective to make GSM / DCS / CDMA / PHS mobile phone models, such as in你好bitory signals to the space to block the effects of mobile phone signals, so that can not be made and answered the phone, but do not affect the space outside the normal mobile phone signal transmission, leaving the MDPB set up mobile phone signal jammer-type space, the phone signal will not be interference, isolation, be able to resume normal use.

施用型手机信号断绝器，能在指定的规模内AUTO形成能够有用阻断手机信号的屏蔽磁力场，edsun-2010型手机信号阻断器的屏蔽直径是10-40米规模，在该规模内有用使GSM/DCS/CDMA/PHS等型号的手机信号被按捺，到达该空间内手机信号阻断的效验，使手机无法打出以及接听，但又不影响该空间之外的手机信号的正常传道输送，离开设置有MDPB型手机信号滋扰器的空间之外，手机信号将不会被滋扰、隔央视屏蔽外文减写离，便可恢复正常施用。

For a monotone twist map the well-known Birkhoff fixed point theoremsays that the circles with rational rotation number will break up whence a finitenumber of pairs of periodic points arise,half of which are elliptic and the othershyperbolic.Moreover,around each elliptic periodic point a few of new invariantcurves will appear and make a picture of phase space with a self-similar structure.Again one may ask is there a similar picture for higher dimensional Hamiltoniansystems?

对于单调扭转映射，著名的Birkhoff不动点定理指出，在通有情况下旋转数为有理数的不变曲线一般会破裂，在原来的不变曲线附近会产生有限多对周期点，其中一半是双曲的，一半是椭圆的，而在椭圆型周期点的周围又会产生一圈圈的不变曲线，使得椭圆周期点附近的动力学行为和整个相空间的动力学行为十分相象，换句话说，整个相空间具有无限嵌套的自相似结构，自然又产生了一个问题：对于自由度数目大于2的高维哈密顿系统，其相空间是否有类似的图象？

Proton events in general only occur in SAA region while electron events appear at both SAA and polar regions.Electron flux of 0 5～2 0?MeV in polar regions is dominant over that of 2～15?MeV,while at SAA,fluxes from the two channels are about the same.There is a close correlation between energetic particle radiation inside and outside the satellite.

与现有理论模型和国外大致相同轨道上的空间高能辐射环境直接观测资料对比还表明，卫星舱内的辐射与舱外的空间辐射环境是完全相关的，积累的有关资料不但是航天设计和环境应用研究所需的重要参量之一，也是空间物理基础研究特别是辐射带研究的重要数据。

However, most research results were on the ideal condition that geographical space was a homogeneous one, and almost all spatial analysis methods are according to the metric of planar Euclidean distance, its drawback is quite obvious.

但是，目前多数研究都假设地理空间是一个均质空间，采用基于平面欧氏距离的空间分析方法，这是有局限的。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新