空间

In the term of transform of institution, cultural and positivism in urban studies of China today, the view of researches must pay attention on self-organization rules of urban space with socialites, in order to realize the unity of subjectivity and objectivity and the scientific researches of urban space with social logical.

提出在当前国内城市空间研究呈现制度文化转向和科学实证转向的双轨转型时期，通过对蕴含社会性的城市空间自组织规律的研究，有利于实现研究对象主客体属性的统一，使城市空间研究具有社会逻辑下的空间科学性。

The results show that the RIEMS can simulate the pattem and seasonal cycle of standard deviation of surface temperature and precipitation.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

The first part is to assess whether RIEMS has ability to reproduce ten-years averaged mean climate in East Asia.The results demonstrate that RIEMS is capable to reproduce the patterns and seasonal cycle of temperature(mean temperature/maximal temperature/minimal temperature), precipitation, sea level pressure and arid index as well as the rain belt evolution.The simulated seasonal and monthly averaged temperature biases are generally in the range of 1-2℃,which are consistent with IPCC(200 1)report. Although model can reproduce the seasonal cycle and time evolution of precipitation, the simulated rain belt has northwards shift of 2-3 degree.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

In order to allow main modules to declare functions for local use within the module without defining a new namespace, XQuery predefines the namespace prefix local to the namespace http://www.w3.org/2004/07/xquery-local-functions , and reserves this namespace for use in defining local functions.

为了允许主模块在不定义一个新的命名空间的情况下，为模块内本地使用声明函数，XQuery预定义了到命名空间 http：//www.w3.org/2004/07/xquery-local-functions的命名空间前缀local，并为定义本地函数使用保留这个命名空间。

Environmental protection and sustainable development in agriculture has become key problems of human being in nowadays,and the heavy metal contaminates is one of severe pollutive originations,which enters the human body by food chain and endangers the health of human being. In this paper,the origination of heavy metal in soil was conducted and the review about the methods of heavy metal spacial variation in soil was discussed. The proposed implications were as follow:① the study on spacial variation of the heavy metal should be conducted by Geostatistical methods combinated with 3S technic;②a model about the geostatistics and the spacial variation of heavy metal was built.

环境保护及农业可持续发展成为当今世界人类面临的重要课题，重金属污染尤为突出，并通过食物链进入人体，对人体健康构成极大危害；本文简要分析了土壤重金属的来源，并对土壤重金属特性空间变异定量研究中所涉及的主要分析方法作了初步介绍；提出了重金属特性空间变异定量研究方法的两点启示：①地统计学与3S技术的结合来研究重金属空间变异；②提出了地统计学与土壤重金属空间变异分布建模。

Based on the theory of environment behavior and psychology, considering user"s behavior and psychological need, the investigation scope including 2 representative urban recreation-squares and 3 pleasances, this thesis studied different users, user"s behavior, and usage quantity at different times. The results showed that there are many problems in recreation-squares of Taiyuan city, and region location, space subarea, edge effect and participation effect are main effect factors. On this basis, some optimizing design and strategy are put forward.

本文主要以环境行为学和环境心理学为理论基础，以城市公共空间使用者的行为特点和心理需求为出发点，以太原市为研究范围，通过详细调查太原市具有代表性和典型性的2个广场、3个小游园，对其使用人群、使用者行为活动、不同时间使用者数量等方面进行研究，总结出太原市公共空间中普通存在的问题，提出区位位置、空间场地分区、边界效应、可参与性效应等是影响公共空间的主要因素，并针对发现的问题，提出了改进和优化设计的建议和对策。

This study considers the effects of ventilation system using the residential facilities to the transmission mechanism of indoor aerosol in the residential quarantine period space for infective diseases. This study focuses on the effect of the design of ventilation system on the internal flow field and the removal of contaminant pollution. A computational fluid dynamics software-FLUENT 6.2 is employed to simulate the internal airflow field of the residential quarantine period space. The Carbon dioxide (CO2) is adopted as the index of contaminant source. Three layouts of ventilation system are simulated and the airspeed field, the temperature distribution, and the contaminant distribution are analyzed to find the best ventilation system for the residential quarantine period space.

本研究考虑传染性疾病在居家隔离空间使用一般家用环境控制设备时对室内的气悬感染会有何影响，本文主要分析不同通风设计时对居家隔离空间内部气流之影响，并将国内外现有的规范设计方式做一系列之比较以供参考，并以商用套装软体FLUENT6.2分析居家隔离空间内部流场分布情形，模拟中以二氧化碳（CO2）作为病患所呼出含有病菌空气的指标，模拟案例分为三种主要的通风模式，并分析速度、温度与污染物浓度分布情形，以得到最佳的居家隔离空间通风配置方式。

Objective To develop a ground-based experimental prototype of space vegetable-cultivating facility, so as to solve the main key techniques related to higher plant cultivation in space environmental conditions, and to further lay a foundation for future development and application of the prototype of space vegetable-growing facility.

目的 研制成空间蔬菜栽培装置地面实验样机，以便解决空间环境条件下栽培蔬菜的若干关键技术，为下一步研制空间蔬菜栽培装置样机和上天产品，并最终为在我国空间站实现空间蔬菜生产的实验与应用奠定基础。

Objective To develop a ground-based experimental prototype of space vegetable-cultivating facility, so as to solve the main key techniques related to higher plant cultivation in space environmental conditions, and to further lay a foundation for future development and application of the prototype of space vegetable-growing facility.

目的研制成空间蔬菜栽培装置地面实验样机，以便解决空间环境条件下栽培蔬菜的若干关键技术，为下一步研制空间蔬菜栽培装置样机和上天产品，并最终为在我国空间站实现空间蔬菜生产的实验与应用奠定基础。

There are many influences for relation's uncertainty in spatial reasoning, and the three most important influences are the data uncertainty and acquiring difficulty of relation information and result uncertainty of spatial reasoning.

空间推理问题的不确定性的主要原因是数据的不确定性、关系提取的困难性和推理过程的不确定性，这三种不确定性因素都影响到了地理空间推理中的地图目标空间关系发掘和提取，同时，计算的复杂性也是影响地理空间推理系统应用的一个重要因素。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。