空间

WIt wasn't till several years ago that the idea of returning to nature overwhelmed society. As the world progressed, the demand for better interior design increases. It is no more European or American splendour nor is it traditional designs that take precedence in today's interior designs. Instead, there is a heightened demand to fuse these unique elements and to recreate spaces that emphasise togetherness. The interaction of space, hence, becomes an important aspect in conceptualisation. Showflats are artificially conceived spaces built to evoke inspiration for interior design. At the same time, it takes a confidential peep at others'"perfect" private room by looking at the showflat as the reference of their lives.

直到几年前，回归自然的概念开始充斥着整个社会；随着世界的进步，人们对室内设计的要求也越来越高；如今室内设计不再追求欧美的华丽风或是传统风格，相反的，而是要将这两种单一的元素融合在一起来形成统一的空间；因此，空间的相互作用将变成设计概念上重要方面；样板房是一种能唤起人们对屋内设计灵感的一个人为设计的空间，它的魅力在于能够通过样板房窥视他人的生活的完美空间来作为自己室内设计的参考。

The paper brings forward the conception of command decision-making in space war and it~′s uncertainty,gives methods and gist to compartmentalizing the uncertainty problem about command decision-making in space war.Furthermore,from the point view of composing elements,the uncertainty factor about decision-maker,decision-making tool and decision-making inf...

提出了空间作战指挥决策与空间作战指挥决策不确定性的概念；给出了划分空间作战指挥决策不确定性问题的方法、依据；从组成要素的角度，研究了决策主体、决策工具、决策信息中存在的不确定性因素，以及对空间作战指挥决策的影响。

Then we introduced transition probability kernel for the hidden state process and the confederated process. In the deep research, we found that some similar parameters of state transition probability, observation symbol probability and initial state probability were involved in the transition probability kernel of the confederated process. So we can complete the training of traditional HMM parameters by training the transition probability kernel of the confederated process. To our surprised, we got the consistency of transition probability kernel of the confederated process. Meanwhile, we proved the rationality and reliability of the parameters estimation equations under the classical B-W algorithm.

然后对联合过程的转移概率核展开研究，我们根据过程的取值空间的不同，引入了隐状态空间和联合过程空间上的转移概率核，研究中发现在联合空间上的转移概率核包含了在一般的隐马氏模型的参数估计中的所有类似的三组参数(转移概率，观测概率和初始概率)，因此对传统的隐马氏模型的参数训练我们可以通过联合过程的转移概率核的训练来完成，更令我们惊奇的是联合过程的转移概率核还具有一致性；同时对于Baum提出的经典的B-W算法给出的关于模型的参数重估计公式，证明了它的合理性和可靠性，即模型经过重估计后的参数能够满足给定的单观测序列在模型下发生的概率是单调递增的。

Spatial world discriminates physical world, cognitive world and linguistic world.

空间世界区分物理空间世界、认知空间世界和语言空间世界。

The thesis emphasizes the planning management practice, and at the same time according to the cognitive route of "practice—theory—practice", grasps mainly the space influencing mechanism of city growth management. Based on the content of the growth management——including the location, speed, scale and mode of city development, the thesis analyzes empirically the mechanism of location choice, sequence control, speed adjustment and gross control, and stresses the logical relation between city growth management and urban growth and evolvement. Taking space as angle of view and focalizing on strategy, the research combines space-planning strategy with the analysis of the game between different stratum. It applies to the emending of city master plan in good time, and has proved practically effective.

本论文在侧重规划管理实践的同时，按照&实践一理论一实践&的认识路线，以中观视野切入，着重把握城市成长管理的空间影响机制，以成长管理的内容——包括城市发展区位、速度、规模、模式等为基点，对城市成长管理的区位选择、时序把握、速度调节、总量控制等机理进行实证分析，研究注重梳理城市成长管理与城市成长与演化的内在逻辑关系，以空间为视角，以城市成长管理为主线，以空间策略为重点，最终将空间规划策略融合到分析社会各阶层利益集团的博弈中去，并适时应用于城市总体规划的修编中去，收到了良好的实践效果。

This paper chooses 2000 stochastic retailing stores whose acreages all exceed 40km2 in the three circles of Wuhan city,after the analysis of spatial difference on acreages,number,population density,and manage forms,and makes a conclusion that the retailing spatial structure of Wuhan city has taken on figure of ring shape with hierarchy wholly and frame of centralization-diffusion and enchasing partially; Finally,the whole paper probes into the change mechanism and trends of retailing spatial structure.

随机抽取武汉市中环线内2000个营业面积大于40m2的零售商业网点，基于统计资料、实地调查，运用GIS空间分析技术，划分环带与格网提取武汉市零售业网点密度、服务人口、营业面积、业态分布、商品特色等空间分布数据，分析零售业网点密度分布的空间特征，得出武汉市零售业在空间结构上表现出整体的等级圈层结构，局部的空间聚合扩散结构和&逆发散特征&——镶嵌结构；最后对其变动的动力机制和演变趋势进行了初步探讨。

Chapter two announces that outer space has a characteristic of a society---space entity via rather systematic discussions on the concept, systematic composition, characteristic and influence factor of outer space of high residential buildings, thus brings us deep , overall knowledge to the intension , essence and characteristic of the outside space of high residential building, turn back the superficial and one-sided understandings fettering us for long.

第二章通过较为系统的论述高层住宅外部空间的概念、系统构成及特征、影响因素等内容，揭示了外部空间所具有的社会---空间统一体特征，从而使我们对高层住宅外部空间的内涵、本质和特征具有深刻、全面的认识，扭转长期以来束缚我们的肤浅片面的认识。

After more than 300 years,because the establishment of high-speed railway station Wujih once again becomes the Space Syntax,which is fomnlated by Professor Bill Hillier, analyzes and discuses the spatial configurations and spatial relationships and their characteristics, in order to find the various of types experience of life and societies' connotation which are hidden in space.

经过三百多年，因高速铁路台中站的设置，乌日乡又将再度成为中部交通的枢纽。空间型构理论为Bill Hillier教授所创建，主要分析探讨空间的架构与空间的关系及其特性，找寻出隐藏於空间中各类型的生活经验及社会的内涵。

The transcendental concept of appearances in space, on the other hand, is a critical reminder that nothing intuited in space is a thing in itself, that space is not a form inhering in things in themselves [74] as their intrinsic property, that objects in themselves are quite unknown to us, and that what we call outer objects are nothing but mere representations of our sensibility, the form of which is space.

表象在空间中的超验的表述，则表明在空间中本能得到的确知识并不是事物内在的。空间并不是属于物体本身的一种形式。这些物体本身则不可知，那么所有外在的物体都仅仅是我们感觉的表达形式罢了，这些表达的形式就是空间。

Geospatial information resources directory service system, used to collect, store, use and manage geospatial information resources directory contents, through the metadata description and retrieval mechanism, localizes and discoveries the geospatial information resources, realizing the system that shares geospatial information resources.

地理空间信息资源目录体系是采集、存储、使用和管理地理空间信息资源目录内容，通过元数据描述和检索机制，定位和发现地理空间信息资源，实现地理空间信息资源共享的系统。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。