空泡

Based on the Boltzmann equation, governing equations are obtained by microscopic kinetic theory, in which the terms for mass and momentum transportations can be obtained directly by introducing some conclusions of bubble dynamics.

在推导过程中，结合空泡动力学中的研究成果，从微观角度考虑了泡径变化引起的质量和动量输运，直接推导出了相间输运源项。

Results The pathological changes in the nuclei mentioned above included the crimple and ruture of nucleus membrane,mitochondria degeneration and other degenerative structure such as plenty of primary lysosomes,agglomeration of lipochrome,Golgi complex degeneration and so on.

结果上述核团神经元的超微结构均发生病理性改变，神经细胞核膜皱缩，核膜凹凸不整，并有局部断裂；线粒体变性，基质浓度降低及空泡化；粗面内质网和高尔基复合体囊腔扩张变性；大量初级溶酶体及脂褐素集聚；出现了髓样体和多泡体等变性结构。

Results After oral administration of ST pinocytosis vesicles began to increase in endothelial cells of blood vessel in 1 hour,apocrine of ependymal cells began to increase and myelin sheath degeneration appeared in 2 hours,extensive myelin sheath degeneration and mitochondrion degeneration and incisure and vacuoles in nucleus of neuron were found in 4 and 8 hours.

结果 ST灌胃后1 h血管内皮细胞吞饮囊泡开始增多，2 h组室管膜细胞的顶浆分泌增多，部分神经髓鞘变性；4 h和8 h组神经纤维广泛变性，神经元线粒体变性、核切迹和空泡出现；16 h组神经元胞浆内线粒体变性更加明显，并出现脂褐素。

The process involves extension and invagination of the plasma membrane to form small vesicles in pinocytosis or vacuoles in phagocytosis.

胞饮作用形成小泡囊，胞噬作用形成空泡。

We also have observed some organs pathological changes of juvenile Jian Carp, such as pancreas acinous gland and zymogen granules of acinous gland cell disappearing, intercellular substance hyperplasia and inflammatory cells soakage, hepatatrophia, liver cell granular or vacuolar degeneration and necrosis, karyolysis or pyknosis, glycogen granules decreasing, metanephros atrophy, metanephric canaliculus epithelium granular or vacuolar degeneration and necrosis, mitochondrion swelling and mitochondrion cristae disappearing, karyolysis, distal convolutal tubule microvilli desquamating, spleen marrow cell degeneration and necrosis, intercellular substance of spleen hyperplasia, spleen atresia, blood corpuscle disappearing.

后肾土黄色、淡褐色或苍白色，肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、颗粒或水泡变性、坏死，细胞内有大量血细胞流出，线粒体肿胀，嵴结构消失，细胞核溶解，肾间质甲状腺滤泡和拟淋巴细胞增生，远曲小管微绒毛脱落、管道细胞界限不清。心脏肌纤维肿胀、颗粒或空泡变性，严重的肌纤维溶解、变细或断裂，肌纤维间水肿、炎性细胞浸润，部分心肌细胞核浓缩。脾脏暗褐色，脾髓质细胞变性、坏死，拟淋巴细胞明显减少，淋巴细胞岛少见、岛中细胞成份减少，黑素巨噬细胞中心减少、体积缩小，脾脏网状基质水肿，脾窦闭锁，血细胞减少。

PFOS induced thyroid follicle cell hyperplasia, the depletion of colloid and even vacuolation with dose-effect relationships after 6 months exposure. Malformations of gonad with intersex, pearling and segmental aplasia were found in all treatment groups. The gonad with intersex showed a testis tissue with a female ovarian cavity like structure.

6个月后，PFOS组甲状腺出现滤泡上皮细胞增生、胶质减少甚至空泡化等现象，且随着PFOS浓度的增加而加重；各组幼蛙性腺出现间性、睾丸珍珠状和先天性萎缩等畸形现象，外观为间性的性腺主要表现为睾丸组织中产生类似雌性个体的卵巢腔。

RESULTS: Levels of insulin, FFA, GOT and GPT in serum were significantly increased in model group; activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue and ISI were notably decreased, and content of lipid perhydride MDA was increased. HE staining revealed that there was hepatic cellular swelling in hepatic lobules, inequality of size of lipid droplets in periplast, nucleus on one side, narrowed sinus hepaticus and inflammatory cell infiltration in hepatic lobules and portal area.

结果： 模型组大鼠血清胰岛素、FFA、GOT和GPT水平明显升高，肝组织中T-SOD和GSH-Px活力和ISI明显下降，脂质过氧化物MDA含量显著增加， HE染色示肝小叶中大部分肝细胞肿胀，胞质中出现大小不等的脂滴空泡，以大泡性脂肪滴为主，核居边，细胞界限不清，肝窦狭窄，且存在小叶内及门管区炎症细胞浸润。

In this article, a series of experiments relating to bubble cloud of cavitating water jets were carried out for different nozzles within different pump pressures and ambient pressures.

本文在不同泵压和淹没压力条件下针对不同类型的空化喷嘴对空化水射流的空泡云长度进行了一系列实验研究。

A series of experiments relating to bubble cloud of cavitating water jet were carried out for different nozzles within different pump pressure s and ambient pressures.

在不同泵压和淹没压力条件下针对不同类型的空化喷嘴，对空化水射流的空泡云长度进行了一系列实验研究。

A series of experiments relating to bubble cloud of cavitating water jet were carried out for different nozzles within different pump pressures and ambient pressures.

在不同泵压和淹没压力条件下针对不同类型的空化喷嘴，对空化水射流的空泡云长度进行了一系列实验研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。