空泡

Morphologically, the macrophages treated with NO and O-LDL presented shrinkage, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasm condensation; DNA ladder was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis; Characteristic apoptosis peak of macrophages was showed by flow cytometry; Ultrastructure, The chromatin condensed and marginated to form dense chromatin fragmentation; The cytoplasm concentrated and vacuolized; The lysosomes and mitochondria of apoptosis macrophages increased clearly.

电镜观察超微结构变化：染色质固缩边聚，形成致密、均质的染色质块，胞质浓缩、电子密度升高并空泡化；凋亡巨噬细胞溶酶体、线粒体增多；细胞突起缩短减少，但巨噬细胞特有的板状伪足不消失。

PartⅡ:Effect of bicyclol on hepatocyte apoptosis in alcohol-intoxicated mice and related mechanismsThree consecutive intragastric administration of alcohol(6g/kg)in 12h interval resulted in an obvious liver injury and inflammation in mice,as indicated by the elevation of serum alanine transaminase(2.2 fold of control),increased hepatic COX-2 protein expression(2.2 fold of control),as well as liver pathological changes characterized by myelonic degeneration,vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory infiltration.

双环醇对酒精中毒小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡的保护作用及机制研究小鼠连续三次酒精(6g/kg)灌胃后可导致明显肝损伤，变现为血清ALT水平升高(为对照组的2.2倍)，肝脏炎症相关蛋白环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2，COX-2)表达增加(为对照组的2.2倍)，肝组织出现髓样变性、小空泡变性和炎性细胞浸润。

Electron microscopic examination showed that the spinal cords were normal in group N and A, slight edema of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in group B, loosened fibrous layers in medullary sheath, edema and local degeneration of neuraxis in group C,and shrinkage of nuclear membrane, serious edema of ER, vacuolus change of mitochondria and local demyelination in group D.

电镜结果显示，N组和A组脊髓超微结构正常；B组线粒体、内质网轻度水肿；C组脊髓髓鞘纤维板层结构疏松，轴索肿胀，局灶变性；D组脊髓神经元细胞核膜皱缩，线粒体空泡样变，内质网肿胀严重，局灶性脱髓鞘改变。

Results Infected by this peptide, cell viability decreased 28.9%. Under light microscope, cells were shrinked and rounded, many cells were divorced from plate wall, some neuraxon shortened and broke. Apoptotic cells which nucleolus shrinked and rounded could be coloured orange by fluorescent colouration. Under electron microscope, chromatin gathered along the inside of the nuclear membrane, vacuole bodies appeared. Apoptotic peak was detected by flow cytometry and the ladder band appeared in DNA electrophoresis.

结果：细胞接触肽段后存活率下降28.9％；光镜下可见细胞贴壁不良，胞体缩小，细胞突起断裂缩短；荧光染色可见细胞突起缩短、胞核固缩、胞质染成橘红色的凋亡细胞；电镜下可见胞质中出现空泡样结构，细胞染色质浓集于核膜内侧并裂解成碎块状；流式细胞仪检测细胞出现亚二倍体峰，DNA电泳出现梯状带。

In a series of 300 brain autopsies, 18 cases were diagnosed as Alzheimer 's disease with 10 male and 8 female average age 71.2 years(61 to 86) and courses of disease 0.5 to 6 years. All of them presented some degree of intellectual impairment. The clinical symptoms Progressed gradually. Pathologically, in all cases brain atrophy (mild degree in 6 cases, moderate degree in 8 cases and severe degree in 4 cases)was observed.Microscopically large amount of senile Plaques and neurofibrillar...

在连续300例尸检脑标本中，筛选出60岁以上18例Alzheimer病，占6％；病程6个月～6年，均表现不同程度的智能障碍。18例病理检查见重度脑萎缩4例，中度8例，轻度6例；镜下于脑叶皮质和海马区见大量老年斑及神经原纤维缠结，8例海马区有颗粒空泡变性。18例脑皮质神经元均明显减少，与对照组比较差异有非常显著性（P＜0.0001）。11例AD并存有淀粉样脑血管病。

Cytolysosomes increased,cellular nucleus became twisted,rough endoplasmic reticulums swelled,and chondrosome became vacuolization.Dead intervertebral disk cells were located in ?nidi? which were made of multilayer degenerative collagen fibers.

术后8周实验组椎间盘开始出现大量死亡细胞，表现为溶酶体明显增多，细胞核扭曲，粗面内质网扩张，线粒体空泡化，死亡细胞外周的&巢&增厚呈多层排列，致密颗粒增多。

Results After onset of reperfusion, the adhesion of platelet to endothelia was observed at veins of pial vessel. they distributed as tiny spots, 30～60 minutes after reperfusion, we observed the vacuole formation in endothelial cells of artery and thrombosis could be seen at the injurious area.

结果 再灌注后即刻，软脑膜细静脉内有白细胞和血小板粘附，呈星点状分布；再灌注(30～60)min，可观察到小动脉和细动脉内皮形成的空泡和血栓形成。

Then, the flow field of single comˉ pressible flow with temperature was computed.

使用Fluent6.3的UDF功能，研究了射弹在水中跨超音速下产生的超空泡流场。

The pseudopodial movement could be inhibited by calcitonin (100 μg*L－1). Lacuna formation could be found in cocultured specimens. There were fibrils on the walls of lacunae. The MGCs demonstrated positive reaction with Gomori stain. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that MGCs had the same morphological features and the bone resorption ability as the osteoclasts.

结果：倒置相差显微镜下可见多核巨细胞胞核较多（20个以上），胞浆周边不规则，有伪足样突起；胞浆内可见较多大小不等的空泡；降钙素（100 μg*L－1）可抑制多核巨细胞的伪足样运动；多核巨细胞与灭活的骨片共同培养时可见骨吸收陷窝形成，扫描电镜下可见吸收陷窝底面有原纤维；Gomori染色时可见多核巨细胞的酸性磷酸酶呈阳性。

Results:The degenerative changes of articular cartilage in the manipulation group and the sodium hyaluronate group,such as vacuolar degeneration of cytoplasm,decreased quantity and degraded function of orginele,pycnosis of nuclear and necrosis even disintegration of cell,are lesser than that in the group without treatmnet.

结果：手法干预组和透明质酸钠组软骨细胞发生胞浆空泡化，细胞器数量减少，功能减退以及细胞核固缩甚至细胞坏死崩解等退变现象的程度较空白对照组轻，手法组与透明质酸钠组相当。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。