空气热力学

Air-conditioning units must obey not only the first law but the second law as well.

空气调节装置不仅应遵守热力学第一定律，而且还应遵守热力学第二定律。

The evolution of flow patterns are presented at different interaction stages and the bifurcate shock waves , distorted flame fronts and induced vortices are discussed according to the calculated results.

基于带化学反应的Navier Stokes方程和有关的热力学和反应动力学数据，利用改进的VLS格式，对甲烷空气混合物中激波与火焰的相互作用进行了数值模拟。

The thermodynamic characteristics of air spring are introduced. Also analyzed are the vertical stiffness and dampness characteristics.

介绍了空气弹簧的热力学特性，对空气弹簧的垂直刚度特性和阻尼特性进行了分析。

The heat pump cycle employing scroll compressor with an economizer was developed and its characteristics were thermodynamically analyzed .

设计出以涡旋压缩机经济器系统为基础的寒冷地区用空气源热泵系统，并对其工作循环进行详细的热力学分析

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The discussion is focused on the determination of the minimum air rate when there is reservoir fluid influx during air drilling, injection pressure at standpipe, and bit nozzle pressure.

应用气体状态方程、热力学定律对空气钻井中各个流动参数进行分析，重点讨论储层流体涌入时空气钻井过程中最小空气流量的确定，以及立管注入压力和钻头喷嘴压力等问题。

On the basis of thermodynamics, the mathematic model of the working process of water-injected twin-screw air compressor has been established.

本文以变质量热力学为基础，分析了压缩过程中的气、液两相的潜热和显热的交换，考虑了两种泄漏模型，建立了喷水螺杆空气压缩机工作过程的热力学数学模型。

It was found that no oxidation taken place below 360℃.Amorphous carbo n was precipitated out during isothermal oxidation at 450 and 500℃.The NbCx in sample was oxidized completely after isothermal oxidation at 600℃ for 25 minute s.

对NbC材料在空气中的氧化特性进行热力学分析，并采用恒温氧化法研究了NbCx(x=0.98)-C 网状纤维在360～650℃范围内的空气中的氧化性能。

The second and third virial coefficients of humid air are studied by using corresponding state principle.

在计算高压低温条件下的湿空气热力学参数时，把湿空气看作理想气体会产生很大的偏差。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。