空气温度

Because temperature effects on people rather large, so many people think to measure temperature, in order to precise measurements of temperature is now some thermometer measuring air temperature can not even measure up to air humidity.

因为温度对人的影响相当的大，所以人们想了许多办法来测量温度，为了就是能够精确的测量出温度，现在有的温度计不光能测出空气温度，甚至能测量出空气的湿度。

Some parameters such as Indoor radiation heat transfer, convective heat transfer, MRT, OT, radiation heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and PMV-PPD were calculated under a steady condition. From the result, we can conclude, when operation under the combination system and worst-case test, if floor temperature is about 21℃, supply air temperature is 21℃, air velocity is 1m/s, the equlvalent coefficient of heat transfer between floor temperature and OT is 13.6w/m2k, where 5.68w/m2k is equlvalent coefficient of radiant heat transfer, 9.48w/m2k is convective heat transfer coefficient. And when air velocity is higher, supply air temperature is lower, the radiant heat transfer between floor and others is lower. In the whole experiment, the floor temperature was keeping above the indoor air dew point, and condensation was not appeared.

通过分析计算，在复合式系统运行中，最不利室外环境下，当地面温度维持在21℃左右，送风温度21℃，送风风速1m/s，此时地板对作用温度的当量综合换热系数为13.6w/m2k，其中当量辐射换热系数为5.68w/m2k，对流换热系数为9.48w/m2k，并且送风速度越高、送风温度越低，地板与其他壁面的辐射换热量有一定程度的降低，但总供冷量增加；在整个实验中地板温度始终高于地板上层空气的露点温度，并未发现有结露现象；室内空气温度梯度能满足0.1m-1.1m的温差小于3℃的要求，并且适当提高送风温度可以进一步提高人体的热舒适性。

By the analysis of heat transfer between air and wall in vertical direction and the mechanism of air flow in large space building, this paper provides a theoretical model that the air temperature in vertical direction can be divided into three zones: temperature-constant air-conditioning zone, main convection zone and top heat stagnation zone.

通过对大空间建筑室内垂直方向上空气与壁面换热和流动机理分析，提出了空气温度在垂直方向上划分为等温空调区、对流主区域、顶部热滞留区域三个区域，建立了对流主区域、顶部热滞留区域求解空气温度的数学模型，推导得到了相应的分析解，提出了计算大空间建筑室内垂直温度分布简易模型。

The cycle flow and calculation models were given in terms of the operation characteristic of the cycle.

得出循环COP值、制冷量与湿空气出口处工作溶液与空气的水蒸气分压力差随热空气温度、环境空气温度和相对湿度之间的关系。

Supposing the hot end of a bare thermocouple is a global thermometer, the authors built a mathematical model for the heat-exchange-based air temperature measurement with the bare thermocouple, deduced the dynamic response time and the deviation estimate formulas in theory. The formulas can be satisfied under the conditions of global thermometers and contact-type temperature measurement.

文中假设裸露热电偶的热端为一球形温度计，建立裸露热电偶热传导测量空气温度的数学模型，从理论上给出其热传导测量空气温度的动态响应时间和最大温度误差估计式，从而可知只要球形温度计在接触式测量温度时得到其动态响应时间和最大温度误差即可满足所求公式。

The thickness of the ice cover on the wall surface heat transfer is greater than the thickness of it on the air heat transfer form. The thickness of the ice cover on the wall surface heat transfer along the way changes slowly, but it on the air heat transfer along the way changes significantly. Reducing the entrance velocity, lowering the wall surface or air temperature, the formation of the thickness of the ice cover will increase; in the 3D circumstances, The thickness of the ice cover was relatively uniform in the import of the U-turn model, the ice cover was gradual accumulation in the convex bank when the stream traversed the import of the U-turn model, the thickness of the ice cover in the convex bank was significantly bigger than the thickness in the concave bank. The temperature field under the ice cover tends to be complex because of the existence of the secondary flows. The temperature in the convex bank is greater than it in the concave bank. Compared with the data from experiments, the laws in the numerical simulation are similar with them in the experiments

模拟结果显示：二维情况下，运用壁面传热形成的冰盖厚度大于运用空气传热形成的冰盖厚度，壁面传热形成的冰盖厚度沿程变化缓慢，而空气传热形成的冰盖厚度沿程变化明显，减小入口流速，降低壁面或空气温度等，形成冰盖的厚度都会增大；三维情况下，弯道入口处凸、凹岸形成的冰盖厚度基本相同，进入弯道后，凸岸形成的冰盖厚度逐渐增大，而凹岸的冰盖厚度逐渐减小，受横向环流的影响，冰盖下水流的温度场趋向复杂，并且凸岸的温度小于凹岸的温度；与实验室实验所得数据相比较，数值模拟研究得到的规律基本符合实验规律。

At last the paper realized the advantages and disadvantages of passive solar building and adnvanced some suggestions in future research. From another point, the paper logged the process of the building of the experimental equipment and the mounting of the measurement equipments that accumulated some operating experimence.Carrying experiments, calculating and analyzing the experimental data for more than 2 years, the paper gained some constructive conclusions. In winter the indoor air temperature and RH are lower than comfort criteria, but people feels very comfortable in the passive solar house. The thermo-circulation formed by Trombe wall play an important role in improving indoor air temperature and RH. Based on the analogy analysis theory, the natural convection heat transfer in the air gap can be treated as superposition of two natural convection heat transfer processes occurring over isolated isothermal vertical flat plate, in this case namely the massive wall and glazing. Two empirical formulas for Q and Nu are obtained. The investigation shows that the optimal time to open the damper should comply with the period that the thermo-circulation happens which can be controlled by thermal response characteristics of Trombe wall surface temperature and air temperature in the air gap.

经过两年多的实测和计算，根据传热学、流体力学、统计学等学科的基础理论，对大量数据进行整理归类、分析讨论，主要得到如下结论：(1)冬季，含有特朗贝墙体的被动式太阳房室内热湿环境较舒适性标准偏低，但人体感觉比较舒适，特朗贝墙体形成的热循环通风在调节室内温度和相对湿度方面起到很大的作用；(2)特朗贝墙体空气间层自然对流可以看作是两个等温独立大平板的自然对流换热过程的叠加，通过与大平板自然对流理论类比获得了计算热循环过程中对流换热量的经验公式；(3)特朗贝墙体通风口的启闭可以根据玻璃幕墙内壁面温度、蓄热墙体外壁面温度和空气间层进出口空气温度之间的关系来进行控制，从而有效地阻挡冬季冷循环的发生；(4)夏季，如没有有效的通风降温措施，被动式太阳房内会产生明显的过热。

Quasi-natural air delivery pattern may be the most favorable dynamic pattern. So a subjective questionnaire research on t...

本文对大连夏季室外凉亭下的环境特征和人的热舒适性做了主观问卷调查研究，通过对428个有效样本的研究与分析，回归得到了人体热舒适投票值TCV与人体平均温度和周围空气温度之间的关系式，在满足该式的条件下，人体平均温度在35.7~36.5℃之间，空气温度在25.5~30.4℃之间变化，且空气相对湿度保持在40%~60%，风速在0~1.5m/s之间波动，人体都可以达到热舒适状态，并发现人们在室外自然环境下往往感觉吹风不足，这点正好与传统空调中人们易产生吹风感的抱怨相反，从而为适当提高送风速度与温度，节约空调能耗奠定了基础。

The daily mean air temperature of 20 cm height,daily change of air temperature and daily maximum temperature in the areas without intercropping were higher or larger than those with intercropping of rye grass;the air humidity in the areas with intercropping of rye grass was higher than that without intercropping.

结果表明，在热状况下，自然裸露区域桃园的空气温度日较差、日极端最高温度和20 cm高度处的空气平均温度均高于黑麦草套种区，空气湿度则黑麦草套种区明显大于自然裸露区。

In the technology of the mobile air conditioning room,the heat barrier is used to isolate work- ers from the hot environment and the cooling air is supplied for the mobile air-conditioning room by the turbine- typed air cooler whose cooling source and ventilating power come from cooling energy and potential energy stored in the water in constant temperature zone.

矿井移动空调室技术的实质是利用热幛将作业者与环境隔离，再用一种水轮机式空气冷却器向移动空调室内供冷。水轮机式空气冷却器的冷源和通风动力均来自矿井恒温带。通过实验得知：环境温度为32℃时，以1.6 m~3/h的速度供给水温为18℃的冷水启动空气冷却器10 min后，矿井移动空调室内干球温度可降至24℃；空气冷却器停止工作后30 min，矿井移动空调室内的空气温度仍可维持在28℃以下

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。