空中交通管制

One, control member it is empty pipe line of business the intelligence that control of the traffic in the most important resource sky is danger of a Gao Feng works, get information ceaselessly, the analysis evaluates trends, decisive make judgement decision-making, issue instruction information, deploy safe control interval to run medium aerostat at any time, handle all sorts of bolt in time special affection.

一、管制员是空管业最重要的资源空中交通管制是一项高风险的智力劳动，不断地获取信息，分析评估动态，果断作出判定决策，发出指令信息，随时为运行中的航空器配备安全的管制间隔，及时处理各种突发特情。

Air Traffic Control System Command Center - The ATCSCCoversees all air traffic control.

空中交通管制系统指挥中心－指挥中心全面监控空中交通管制系统。

Air Traffic Flow Manaedement System has played a more and more important role in Air Traffic Control.

空中交通流量管理系统对当前空中交通管制有着十分重要的作用。

ATC messages are used to communicate between the aircraft and Air traffic control .

空中交通管制的信息是用来沟通的飞机和空中交通管制。

Now the air traffic flow management system has not been established yet, so the air traffic is prone to perform disorder during the fastigium of air traffic flow.

而我国目前还没有空中交通流量管理系统，对流量的控制往往是凭借空中交通管制员的经验而缺少科学的方法，在流量高峰期空中交通易陷入无序的状态。

Flight strip is the important tool in Air Traffic Control, the design and implementation of digital flight strip system will affect ATC much more.

进程单是空中交通管制工作中最重要的管制工具，实现和应用电子进程单将会对空中交通管制工作带来革命性的改变。

Based on the abundant proof of the individual influence factor and the environmental influence factor of the air traffic controllers' stress, it combines the design of EAP and the influence factors of the controllers' stress, in order to relieve the controllers' stress effectively by the management of EAP and help the controllers to choose the correct coping style when facing stress. It provides strategy foundation to the creation of the harmonious working environment and the enhancement of the controllers' individual modulability.

在对空中交通管制员压力源的个人影响因素和环境影响因素的充分论证的基础上，将EAP设计与影响管制人员压力源因素有机结合起来，力求通过EAP措施帮助管制人员有效地缓解工作压力，帮助管制员面对压力时能够采取正确的应对方式；为创造和谐积极的组织工作环境和提高管制员个人自我调节能力提供决策依据。

Airborne traffic controlled by the tower includes both VFR and IFR traffic released to local control jurisdiction.

塔台管制员管制范围内的空中交通管制包括执行 VFR 和 IFR 飞行的航空器。

The main techniques of this system are as follows: Simulated digital map of field surveillance radar, aircraft objects display and graphic operations Simulated mathematical models of ground motions of the aircrafts Simulated realization of all kinds of airport control orders Processing of aircrafts'taxiways selection Tight coupling of airport and approach control Designs of training courses about airport control based on the standard of International Civil Aviation Organization This paper introduces the design and realization of simulation system of the field surveillance radar in detail, including five parts: The first part generally introduces Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control and simulated training of air control radar, and then analyzes the simulation requirements of the field surveillance radar, finally, presents works of the author in this simulation system items.

机场场面监视雷达仿真系统是快速高效并且低成本培养和提高塔台管制人员特别是管制学员的塔台管制技能的重要工具和设备，该系统具有以下技术要点：机场场面监视雷达仿真数字地图和航空器目标的显示以及图形操作航空器地面运动的仿真数学模型各种机场管制命令的仿真实现地面航空器滑行路线选择处理机场管制与进近管制的紧密结合按照国际民航组织标准进行设计机场管制训练课程本文详细地介绍了场面监视雷达仿真系统的设计和实现，一共分五个部分：第一部分概括介绍民航空中交通管制和空管雷达仿真训练，分析机场场面监视雷达仿真的需求情况以及作者在该仿真系统项目中所做的工作。

The objective is, based on the classification of airspace, to establish an En-route Control Area, Terminal/Approach Control Area, Airdrome Tower Control Area three-grade air traffic control areas;and then to establish an En-route Air Traffic Control Center, Terminal/Approach Air Traffic Control Center, Airdrome Tower Control Center three-grade air traffic control organization;To establish a reasonable backup mechanism and reduce the number of En-route Air Traffic Control Centers, finally to improve the quality of air traffic services.

本文系统地阐述了对管制区域重组战略目标所涉及的各子系统的考虑，重点分析了民航空中交通管理系统的运行体制、文化重组，并对战略实施过程进行了设计。空中交通管制区域的重组战略问题必须抛开部门利益的制约，站在国家利益的高度上，宏观长远地谋划。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。