稻粒

In crossing of the 8 autotetraploidy rices (Oryza sativa, 2n=4x=48), APIV(4), IR36(4), Zixuedao(4), Ce 64(4), Minghui 63(4), IR28(4), Ce 90(4) and Gui 99(4) used as the females, with Pennisetum alopecuroides (2n=2x=18) used as the males, the seeds were obtained, but no seed was got in the crosses of the 3 diploidy rices (Oryza sativa, 2n=2x=24), APIV(2), Ce 90(2) and Zixuedao(2) used as the females, with Pennisetum alopecuroides.

利用APIV(4)、IR36(4)、紫血稻(4)、测64(4)、明恢63(4)、IR28(4)、测90(4)和桂99(4)等8个同源四倍体水稻(Oryza sativa， 2n=4x=48)为杂交母本，以狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides， 2n=2x=18)为杂交父本进行杂交，获得了实粒种子。但是，在以APIV(2)、测90(2)和紫血稻(2)这3个二倍体水稻(Oryza sativa， 2n=2x=24)为杂交母本，以狼尾草为杂交父本的杂交组合中却没有获得实粒种子。

Tibetanum were more abundant, which can be used to broaden the genetic basis of common wheat. Cluster analysis exhibited that wild emmer had a closer consanguine relationship to hexaploid wheat, as compared to Aegilops tauschi. In addition, it was found that there was a closer genetic relationship in chloroplast genome of common wheat and T. petropavlavskyi, which indicated that T. petropavlavskyi probably derived from the backcross between common wheat and Polish wheat.

结果］与普通小麦相比，斯卑尔脱小麦和西藏半野生小麦等群体内的叶绿体遗传变异更丰富，可以作为普通小麦新的细胞质遗传变异来源；与粗山羊草相比，野生二粒小麦与六倍体小麦间存在更近的亲缘关系，这与前人关于二粒小麦是六倍体细胞质供体的研究结果相印证；研究还发现，新疆稻麦与普通小麦在叶绿体基因组上具有很近的亲缘关系，为新疆稻麦是由波兰小麦与普通小麦杂交再由普通小麦回交后产生的假说提供了分子水平上的证据。

The results showed that rice straw growth and fascicular alteration interacted when water was deficient. It not only affected the transportation of nutritious substance from rhizine and leaf to kernel, but also led to the decrease of agronomic characters and yield. 4 ecotypes of rice vascular bund...

结果表明：水分不足对稻秆及秆中维管束的影响是相互的：稻秆的发育情况影响了维管束变化，同时维管束的变化影响了稻秆的发育，最终影响营养物质从根部、叶部向籽粒运输，从而使结粒数、稔实率、千粒重、产量下降。4种生态型水稻维管束系统与一次及高次枝梗数目、结粒数、千粒重等有类似的相关性，而且水分不足时反应出相同的结果，说明土壤水分对维管束系统的分化有很大的影响，水分不足将使维管束面积变小，维管束比增大，从而使产量变小。

The new plant type Indica and Japonica varieties showed somewhat check heterosis whencrossed with one of the four sterile lines. America Japonica varieties showed few fillers andlower seed set ratio and Africa Japonica varieties, Nuda varieties, Javanica varieties have fewtillers and taller plant height, so they could not be used directly in Japonica hybrid ricebreeding program.

美国稻的分蘖少且结实率较低，产量优势不大；非洲稻的分蘖少，实粒数也少，株高太高，无法直接利用；新株型粳稻与培矮64s、N422s配组有一定的优势，新株型籼稻与N422s、108s配组的优势也较大，在华北两系杂交粳稻育种中也有一定的利用价值；光壳稻和爪哇稻的株高偏高，无法直接利用，可间接利用这两个生态型千粒重大的特点。

Seeds of fennel plants,grey in color and similaer to unhushed rice grains in shape, have a hot flavor.

茴香是茴香菜的籽，灰色，像稻粒，有浓郁的香味。

In the recent years, we extended widely the new methods controlling rice kernel smut disease, of which Kanghei 95 was as the center. As a result, significant social and economic benefits were achieved.

近年来大力开展以综合防治剂抗黑95为核心的稻粒黑粉病防治新技术的应用推广，取得了显著的社会经济效益。

Rice kernel smut is a kind of common disease on hybrid rice which is causedby Neovossia horrida fungus.

稻粒黑粉病是由稻尾孢黑粉菌属稻粒黑粉菌引起的一种杂交稻制种上的常见病害。

It was found that the disease seeds and sclerotia, mainly kernel smut and false smut seeds, could account for 3.65% of the total seeds and each gram seeds burthen 1.65×10^5 spores.

结果表明，杂交水稻种子平均夹带有3.65%的以稻粒黑粉病拉和稻曲病粒为主的病粒和菌核，每克种子真菌孢子负荷量平均达1.65×10^5个。

In other hand, according to the state that rice kernel smut disease harmed seed production of hybrid rice seriously, we developed a kind of highly effective composite chemical, designated as "Kanghei 95", which was very effective to controlling this disease.

另一方面，针对稻粒黑粉病严重危害杂交水稻种子生产的状况，用生物农药、化学农药和营养元素肥料研制出稻粒黑粉病综合防治剂&抗黑95&，它对该病害有极显著的防治效果。

By studying preliminarily the biological characteristics of Neovossia horrida,screening experiment of controlling fungicides on rice kernel smut and surfactant, theresults are as fallows. 1. Studies on biological characteristics of Neovossia horrida indicate that thegermination of the chlamydospores is not at the same pace, the germination of thechlamydospores lasts more than 60 days, and some chlamydospores can germinatewithout dormancy.

本文通过对稻粒黑粉病病原生物学特性、防治药剂筛选和水面扩散剂的初步研究，得出如下结论： 1、病原生物学特性研究表明：病菌冬孢子的萌发相当不整齐，持续期长达60d以上；并发现极少数孢子不需要休眠即可萌发。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。