稻田

The dynamic change of NH4+, NO3- and TN, under the situation which urea was applied in the high fertility paddy-field in Yuhang of Hangzhou city with a lysimeter which was designed and made by ourselves, was studied and analyzed in order to find the rules of the change in the water-body of surface and the leakage rule of nitrogen, to reduce the effect of nitrogen loss on the water pollution.

借助自行设计制作的稻田渗漏计，在杭州余杭对高肥力稻田不同施用尿素氮肥情况下，稻田地表水和渗漏水中铵态氮、硝态氮和总氮的动态变化规律进行了研究分析，以利于发现氮素在地表水体变化和淋失规律，尽量减少氮素淋失对地下水体所造成的影响。

The kinetics of degradation of healthy paddyfield ecosystem due to unreasonable fertilization are as follows.(1) The rice growth was interfered and the structure of microbe population was altered through applying excessive nitrogen fertilizer, while the yield of rice was decreased later and the secretion was reduced from rice root, which induced the Eh and the quantities of Bacterium and Actinomycetes declining, and the contents of MBC, MBN, MBP low in the soil. All of that made the capacity of accommodating nutrient weak in microbe ecosystem.

不合理施肥引起的稻田生态系统退化的动力学特征是：(1)重施氮肥首先使水稻植株生长受阻，同时改变土壤微生物种群结构，从而直接使水稻产量降低，稻田土壤生产力受损，并产生一系列不良次级反应：水稻生理活动减弱减少了根系分泌量，同时也降低了土壤Eh，使稻田土壤细菌、放线菌数量降低，MBC、MBN以及MBP含量下降，微生物保肥、供肥能力降低，从而土壤微生物生态系统功能弱化。

So this technique lets us produce rice and duck meat of non-pollution and softy in the limited rice field space.

项目简介：稻鸭共作技术将雏鸭放入稻田，利用雏鸭旺盛的杂食性，吃掉稻田内的杂草和害虫，利用鸭不间断的活动刺激水稻生长，产生中耕浑水效果，同时鸭的粪便作为肥料，最后连鸭本身也可以食用，在稻田有限的空间里生产无公害，安全的大米和鸭肉。

The age structure of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, overwintering in different type of rice fields and wild rice fields was investigated, and post winter feeding and pupation dynamics were compared among larvae in different instars.

调查了不同类型稻田及茭白田中二化螟的越冬年龄结构，比较了不同龄期幼虫之间在冬后取食与化蛹动态方面的差异。结果表明，越冬虫龄以双季晚稻田中明显较低，中稻田与茭白田中相对较高。

This article studied the characteristics of substance and energy in rice-duck-azolla integrated farming system. RDA system increases food-chain complexity and system stability because ducks and azolla are incorporated into rice paddy systems.

对稻鸭萍共作生态系统物能流特征的分析结果表明，通过在稻田生态位添加鸭子和绿萍，使原来的稻田食物链结构趋向复杂化，增加了稻田生态系统的稳定性。

In order to determine organic storage and its space distribution characteristics in paddy field of region, on the basis of second soil survey database, the space databases in unit of soil local type were set up by adoption Arcview software, integrated with GIS software, basined on soil type methods and region scale, the distribution of soil organic carbon storages in purple paddy soil of Chongqing were investigated. The results showed that the storage of SOC in Banan district of Chongqing was 6.48×10^6 t and average SOC density in Banan district with 8.31 kg/m^2 was higher than that of China.

为了明确区域稻田土壤碳库蓄积量及其空间分布特征，以全国第二次土壤普查数据资料为基础，运用地理信息系统软件Arcview建立研究区以土种为单位的空间数据库，结合GIS空间分析功能，基于土壤类型法估算重庆市巴南区稻田土壤有机碳储量及其空间分布特征，结果表明：研究区稻田土壤有机碳总储量约为6.48×10^6t，平均土壤有机碳密度为8.31kg/平方公尺，略高于全国平均水平。

The total seed storage in topsoil (0-10 cm) was 83499-109141 indm^(-2) for natural wetlands and 9140-47452 indm^(-2) for reclaimed paddy fields. In natural wetlands, the seeds were of 16-30 grass plant species, being dominant with Polygonaceae and Cyperaceae or Cyperaceae and Gramineae; while in reclaimed paddy fields, the seeds were of 7-16 grass plant species, with the dominant of Gramineae. The seed storage and species numbers were greater in Shengjin Lake than in Shibasuo Lake. Higher seed bank storage and more species were observed in the paddy fields from Shibasuo wetland with 30 years of cultivation than from the Shengjin Lake wetland with over 50 years of cultivation.

结果表明：天然湿地种子库密度为83499~109141粒m^(-2)，而开垦为稻田30~50年后种子库密度为9140~47452粒m^(-2)；天然湿地的土壤种子库物种数为16~30种，以蓼科－莎草科或莎草科－蓼科为优势种，开垦为稻田后物种数下降为7~16种，且趋向于以禾本科为单一优势种；此外，与十八索湿地相比，升金湖湿地有较高的土壤种子库物种数、丰富度和多样性，而开垦年限为30年的十八索稻田土壤种子库物种数和丰富度显著高于开垦年限为50年的升金湖稻田。

Richness of phytophagous insects was also high but its individual number and dominnant concentration were low.

同时多样化生境稻田中的植食性昆虫亚群落的物种丰富度高于单一生境稻田，但其数量和优势集中性低于单一生境稻田。

In order to study the impact of rice-duck farming ecosystem on zoobenthos biodiversity in paddy waters, surface soil samples taken from rice-duck farming ecosystem and conventional paddy fields were analyzed for zoobenthos biodiversity.

在水稻不同生育时期对稻鸭共作稻田和常规稻田的土壤取样，研究不同稻田生态系统水体底栖动物的生物多样性。

Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index and evenness index all show similar trend of change. The diversity indexes and evenness index of zoobenthos in rice-duck farming ecosystems are higher than those in normal paddy during the early stage of rice growth, but are in the reverse trend during the later stage.

水稻各生育时期常规稻田和稻鸭共作稻田底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化趋势相似，均为水稻生育前期稻鸭共作稻田的生物多样性指数和均匀度指数高于常规稻田，而后期低于常规稻田。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。