稳定化

Given the heats of hydrogenation below for isomers A and B, would you say that an exocyclic double bond or an endocyclic one is more stable

答：给出了互为同分异构体的A和B的氢化值，你能否说出环外的双键和环内的双键哪一个更稳定吗

This review focuses on the development and means of the modification of polymeric gene vectors making them have multifunction, i.e. the ability to maintain stability outside of cell, the ability of cell entrance, endosome escape, and the ability of nuclear membrane traversing. The main challenges remain and the future direction of polymeric vectors research are discussed.

本文在分析基因治疗过程的基础上，详述了基因载体应具有的4种基本功能－在细胞外保持稳定的功能、进入细胞的功能、逃离溶酶体的功能和进入细胞核的功能，并详细介绍了有关基因载体功能化修饰的方法和目前国际上的进展情况，总结了高聚物载体目前存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

This review focuses on the development and means of the modification of polymeric gene vector making them have multi-function—the ability to maintain stability outside of cell、the ability of cell entrance、the ability of endosome escape and the ability of nuclear membrane traversing, at last, we highlight the main challenges that remain and the future direction of polymeric vectors research.

本文在分析基因治疗过程的基础上，详述了基因载体应具有的四种基本功能——在细胞外保持稳定的功能、进入细胞的功能、逃离溶酶体的功能、进入细胞核的功能，并详细介绍了有关基因载体功能化修饰的方法和目前国际上的进展情况，最后本文总结了高聚物载体目前存在的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

Gimelbrant et al. determined the proportion of human genes that can be expressed monoallelically, in patterns that are epigenetically stable (for example, chemical modifications of DNA, such as cytosine methylation, that do not alter the sequence but are heritable within cell populations).

Gimelbrant等确定部分人类基因，能够单等位基因性表达，在表达模式上，后生同类物稳定（例如，化学修饰的DNA ，如胞嘧啶甲基化，不改变序列，但内细胞群是可遗传的）。

For the stepwise mechanism, the ethylene molecule was firstly adsorbed at the Brnsted acid site via π-hydrogen bonding to form a stable complex, which then went through the protonation, leading to the formation of the ethoxide intermediate. Furthermore, the ethoxide reacted with the second ethylene molecule to form the butoxide product.

对于分步反应机理，乙烯分子首先通过π-氢键作用在酸性位形成稳定的吸附络合物，再进一步发生质子化并生成乙醇盐中间体，随后乙醇盐与第二个乙烯分子发生碳－碳键结合形成丁醇盐产物。

In particular, we prove that the delay and excitatory coupling induce multistable synchronization for such system.

特别地，我们证明出加了延迟时间与激进耦合在一个摆动器上，将会产生了一个多重稳定的同步化。

Analogous complexes 3a" and 4a"= CpRu(PPh32, Ar = para-C6H4OMe containing methoxy group at the para-position of gem-diphenyl group were similarly obtained from protonation of the corresponding acetylide complexes via formation of vinylidene intermediate. But only complex 3a'= CpRu(PPh32, Ar2 = fluorenyl is stable in solution, and decomposed to unidentified complex when heated to reflux in THF. Deprotonation of complex 4a in the presence of base gives neutral acetylide complex 6a.

在两个相邻位置的苯基对位位置上接有一甲氧基的衍生物3a&和4a&也可利用类似的质子化反应合成，唯有错合物3a'= CpRu(PPh32， Ar2 = fluorenyl 可以稳定於溶液中，不会进行上述反应，如将其溶於四氢呋喃溶液加热至沸腾则会分解产生无法鉴定的化合物。

The hydrogenation and methyl esterification of furoic acid over Pd-Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts was investigated in fixed bed micro-reactor under different conditions such as reaction temperature,pressure,H2 space velocity,space velocity of furoic acid and methol,ratio of H2 and furoic acid and so on.

以糠酸、甲醇、氢气为原料，采用连续流动固定床微反应器，Pd-Ni/γ-Al2O3为催化剂，使糠酸一步加氢甲酯化生成α-四氢糠酸甲酯。研究了反应的温度，压力，气、液体流速，进料流量等因素对催化反应的影响。结果表明：在1.5MPa，250℃，氢气空速3300 h-1，液体空速3.0 h-1(氢油比为50)时，糠酸转化率为96.6%，四氢糠酸甲酯的选择性97.2.0%，产率94.0%。催化剂稳定性较好，连续运转280小时后未见活性下降。该反应体系活性高，选择性好，反应压力低，催化剂性能稳定，操作简单，产物易分离

The XRD studies show obvious diffraction peaks associated with graphitic carbon and Co metal. Co particles in the composite are stable even at 2500℃ in inert atmosphere .

复合微球的 X 衍射图显示出明显的石墨碳和金属钴的衍射峰，2500℃石墨化后，复合微球中的钴仍能稳定存在。

This study aims at tick vitellogenesis and its mechanism. Six hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody against vitellin of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis were produced by fusing myeloma cells (SP2/0) with spleen cells, both from BALB/c mouse which were immunized with the Vn. They were named as 1B5, 2A7, 2B8, 2F2, 3A1 and 3G1, respectively. Further identification indicated that 1B5, 2B8 and 2F2 were of the isotype IgGA, 2A7 was of the isotype IgG1, while 3A1 and 3G1 were of the isotype IgG2a.

为研究蜱类的卵黄发生及其机理，用长角血蜱Haemaphysalis longicornis卵黄蛋白(vitellin，Vn)免疫BALB/c小鼠，取免疫鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合，经3次克隆化筛选，获得6株能稳定分泌抗Vn的单克隆抗体，即1B5，2A7，2B8，2F2，3A1和3G1.1B5，2B8和2F2亚型为IgGA；2A7亚型为IgG1；3A1和3G1亚型为IgG2a.6株McAb均具有高度特异性，效价在1：105以上。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。