稳定分布

The transverse wave disturbance along tangential base flow of circular vortex is discussed By using numerical method we study this instability of baroclinic flow which is mesoscale inertia wave instability on the cylindrical coordinate The influence of stratification stability N 2 , Coriolis parameter f 0 , the vertical shear of tangential wind z of the ambinent atmosphere and the latent heat on the growth rate of instability is studied From the above analysis and calculation, we can learn that there are Eady mode and mesoscale mode of transverse wave instability in circular vortex as well Furthermore we also learn that distribution character of mesoscale mode disturbance field of transverse wave instability, anomalistic "cats eye" structure of lower level and the character of the slowly spreading disturbance converges at low level and the quickly spreading disturbance converges at high level

作者中文名：李红金；陆汉城；宋晓亮；李鲲摘要：讨论涡旋大气中，存在沿切向基流传播的横波型扰动，并采用数值方法讨论了柱坐标系下圆形涡旋系统斜压气流中这类扰动的不稳定，这是一类中尺度的重力惯性波的不稳定。研究了涡旋环境大气的层结稳定度参数N2、切向风垂直切变Vz、凝结潜热、涡旋特性及科里奥利参数f0对不稳定增长率的影响。圆形涡旋中同样存在横波不稳定的Eady模态和中尺度模态，得到了中尺度模态的扰动场分布特征：流场的不规则"猫眼"结构及慢速传播的扰动均集中在低层，而快速传播的扰动均集中在高层的扰动特征。

In DMMCS, there is an alternative distribution of inertial instability column and inertial stability column, at the west and south, there lie negative CVV columns, while negative CVV column is beneficial to deep moist convection.(4) The strong slantwise convection induced by inertial instability, baroclinic instability and conditional symmetry instability will enhance the upper level southerly component. Because of the appearance of the compensated downdraft at the low level of the south side of DMMCS, the low level southerly is intensified, the enhancement of upper- and low-level cores are in favor of the development of DMMCS. And that will do favor for the reinforcement and maintenance of inertial instability, baroclinic instability and conditional symmetry instability, it is a positive feedback process.

深湿对流系统中高层西侧为负MPV2 柱，东侧为正MPV2 柱；(3)深湿对流系统中惯性不稳定柱与惯性稳定柱相间分布，西侧为负CVV 柱，东侧为正CVV 柱，负CVV 柱对深湿对流起激发作用；（4）惯性不稳定、湿倾斜不稳定和条件不稳定产生强的倾斜式对流，而强的倾斜式上升运动加强了深对流系统北侧高层的南风分量，因深对流系统南侧低层出现补偿性下沉气流，因而低层南风加强，高低空急流中心的加强会进一步加强对流的发展，使得惯性不稳定、湿倾斜不稳定和条件不稳定增强和维持，这是一个正反馈过程。

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

While it has also given the granule diameter distribution curve of different types of starch.

结果表明：随着淀粉乳浓度的增加，FBRM测得的淀粉颗粒粒径呈现先增加后减小的趋势，当浓度达到10%时，粒径大小趋于稳定；在高浓度淀粉乳中，搅拌速率对淀粉颗粒粒径的影响较为显著，在低浓度淀粉乳中，则没有显著的影响；采用浓度小于50%的乙醇和异丙醇以及高于75%甘油作为介质时，可以得到较为稳定的粒度分布；不同种类淀粉颗粒的粒径分布曲线趋势不同。

Then through dynamical analysis, every instantaneous acceleration distributing of slope under dynamical earthquake can be got too. According to this result, adding earthquake force to structure by way of inertial force, this paper analyses the slope stabilization by using FEM strength reduction method and gains every instantaneous safety factor and its corresponding slide. Curves of safety factors versus duration can be made by curvefitting. By safety factors versus duration curves and slides, we can value structure's quakeproof stabilization and point its slide out. By these principles, programs of FEM stabilization analysis for each moment are organized.

首先通过三维非线性有限元静力分析得到动力分析的初始应力，再进行动力分析得出边坡在动力作用下每一瞬时的加速度分布，根据每一瞬时的加速度分布的结果，将地震作用力作为惯性力加在结构上，用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析，得出在地震动力作用下每一瞬时的安全系数及对应滑裂面，拟合可得到一条安全系数随时间变化的曲线，根据这条安全系数时程曲线及滑裂面，综合得出结构的抗震稳定安全系数及对应的滑裂面。

Asian (47.4%) and temperate genera mainly constituted by North temperate (50%) and E. Asian (50%). So that the geographical elements are discomplex. In the 25 species of arborous layer, 76% is the middle subtropical zonal type, 16% south subtropical zonal type and 8% north subtropical zonal type, of which the first 6 positions of important value index were all middle subtropical zonal type. This showed that the community was subtropical characteristic. There are 59.5% evergreen and 40.5% deblade of 79 known species in which the mid-phaenerophytes is the first position of all, accounting for 27.8%, and the evergreen broad-leaved species constituted the majority of meso-phaenerophytes which accounts for 15.2%.

乔木层多数优势种为稳定型种群，所以乔木层优势区系成分相当稳定，表明该群落为一种顶极群落。59个种子植物属只有10个分布区类型和4个变型，地理成分不复杂，其中热带分布27属占46.6%，温带分布31属占53.4%；热带分布以泛热带和热带亚洲分布为主，分别占52.6%和47.4%，温带分布为北温带和东亚分布各占50%。25个乔木层树种中，中亚热带地理分布类型的占76%，南亚热带地理分布类型的占16%，北亚热带地理分布类型占8%，重要值指数排列前6名的均为中亚热带地理分布类型，所以该群落为亚热带性质。

The result shows that the Giant Panda habitat in Gansu is an under-plant population of forest communities with Fargesia denudate as the dominant species; that Giant Panda make movements at the altitudes ranging from 1 600 m to 2 000 m in Wenxian County and Diebu County; that the characteristics of bamboo population, geographical environment, along with the integrity of forest communities, are taken as the three dominant factors in influencing the life of Giant Panda;and that the features of the habitat are basically stable but reasonable distribution together with strong artificial disturbance is considered as the potential factor resulting in the habitat unstable.

结果表明：甘肃省大熊猫主要栖息在以缺苞箭竹为优势的下木种群森林群落中，其垂直活动范围主要集中在海拔1 600～2 800 m处，水平分布在文县和迭部一带；竹类种群的特性、地理环境和森林群落的完整性是大熊猫栖息生存的3个主要综合要素；甘肃省大熊猫的生境特征基本稳定，但该区竹类种群的正态性分布和人为干扰强度是构成其生境不稳定的重要潜在因素。

In chapter Ⅰ, a historial review of structure control is given; In chapter Ⅱ, A discussion of the controllability and observablity of flexible structures is given, Two kinds of controllability and observablity index are defined, and applied to actuator allocation; chapter Ⅲ considers the reduction of high order flexible structure mode; the content of chapter Ⅳ is about the basic problem of distributed parameter control system design. It is proved that a stable controllor in mode space may be unstable in real use in distributed paramater systems, also, by closed loop mode concept, a pole assignment method of flexible structure controllor design is given; chapter Ⅴ is about the low-authority controllor design, it is pointed out by use of high order eigenvalue/eigenvector perturbation, a better controllor can be designed; chapter Ⅳ considers flexible structure reduced order control; chapter Ⅶ disscusses the basic problem of flexible structure computer control, analyses discreate controllablity and observablity and its computing, the sample period and coefficient wordlength; chapter Ⅷ is on the problem of low flexibility compensation; chapter Ⅸ is a design example.

在第一章简要回顾了挠性结构控制的历史，并且指出控制中的一些问题；第二章讨论了挠性结构的能控性与能观性，定义了两类能控性程度和能观性程度指标，还将能控性程度概念应用于执行器位置的确定；第三章论述了高阶模型的降价问题，比较了适于挠性结构模型降阶的方法，指出其适用范围；第四章内容是分布参数系统设计的基本问题，首先证明在模态空间中设计的稳定的控制器在实际分布系统上可能是不稳定的，进而根据闭环模态的概念，获得挠性结构控制器设计的极点配置方法；第五章的内容是关于低权控制器的设计问题，指出利用特征值高价摄动和特征向量的摄动，可以设计出更加完善的低权控制器；第六章讨论挠性结构降阶控制问题；第七章讨论挠性结构计算机控制的基本问题，分析了时间离散化模型的能控性和能观性及其计算问题，讨论了采样周期选择和系数字长问题；第八章讨论低挠性结构的补偿问题；第九章的设计例子用来说明第二章和第四章的结果。

CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in spleen, and B lymphocyte mainly is IgG~+ cell, moreover the amount of these B lymphocytes could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocyte subset after 7 days. CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in tonsil of appendix, and B lymphocyte is IgM~+ cell, and the amount could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocytes after 35 days. After 21 days, B lymphocytes in esophago tonsil are the main IgA~+ cells and the amount exceeds CD3~+ lymphocytes. The amount of CD4~+ lymphocytes is more than CD8+ lymphocytes.4. CD3~+、CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in spleen mainly distribute in periarterial lymphoid sheath. However IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells mainly distribute in ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath and germinal center. T lymphocytes in appendix tonsil mainly distribute in middle and inferior part of mucous and the B lymphocytes mainly in middle and mucous between 4~7 days. Whereafter T, B lymphocytes equably distribute in mucous. CD4~+ cells arrange tightly and mainly occupy the central part in aggregates of T lymphocytes in esophago tonsil and CD8~+ lymphocytes mainly distribute in periphery. Meanwhile B lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of T lymphocytes. The aggregates of B lymphocytes is mainly the germinal center with lots of IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells. Meanwihle T lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of B lymphocytes.5. There is an intimate relationship between the development of tissue structure of peripheral immune organs and lymphcytopoiesis. The maturation of tissue structure is stimulated by the immigration of lymphocytes and the mature tissue structure provides place where lymphocytes grow mature and functionate.

脾脏在21日龄时达到稳定，食管扁桃体和盲肠扁桃体均在35日龄时达到稳定；脾脏中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞则以IgG~+细胞为主，并在7日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞以IgM~+细胞为主，并在35日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；21日龄后，食管扁桃体中B淋巴细胞以IgA~+细胞为主，数量超过CD3~+细胞，CD4~+细胞的数量多于CD8~+细胞。4、在T、B淋巴细胞组织定位方面，脾脏中CD3~+、CD4~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中，而IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞主要分布在椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中；4～7日龄时，盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞主要分布在粘膜固有层的中下部区域，而B淋巴细胞则主要分布在中上部区域，随后各日龄T、B淋巴细胞均匀地分布在粘膜固有层中；在食管扁桃体的T淋巴细胞聚集物中，CD4~+细胞紧密排列，主要占据中央部位，CD8~+细胞主要散布在外周，同时B淋巴细胞又环绕在整个T淋巴细胞聚集物的外周；B淋巴细胞聚集物主要为生发中心，其中存在大量IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞，同时T淋巴细胞又环绕在整个B淋巴细胞聚集物的外周。5、外周免疫器官的组织结构发育和淋巴细胞发生之间存在密切的关系，淋巴细胞迁入淋巴器官刺激组织结构的发育成熟，同时成熟的组织结构又为淋巴细胞发育成熟并行使功能活动提供场所。

Treatments were as follows: fertilization during leaf-expansion period, fertilization during green-leaf period, and no fertilizer. Results showed that individual leaf area, thousand-leaf weight, and leaf distribution were relatively stable with little influence from fertilization. Fertilization during leaf-expansion compared to the green leaf period significantly increased leaf number, leaf weight per plant, and leaf area index. Fertilization during led-expansion also significantly increased the total weight of leaves corresponding to each branch. The 14th to the 17th branches had the largest number of leaves in the canopy with fertilization increasing the weight of each branch but not changing the center of the canopy.

结果表明：毛竹单叶面积、千叶质量和叶片分布受施肥的影响较小，是较为稳定的指标；展叶期施肥处理（处理1）能显著增加单株立竹的叶片数量，到7月底，其单株立竹叶片总质量和叶面积指数分别比绿叶期施肥（处理2）提高14.8%和13.7%，比不施肥提高27.6%和24.5%；冠层14~17档是单枝叶片数量最多的区域，施肥能增加各枝盘叶片的质量，但对林冠重心的分布无影响；单叶叶面积稳定后（6月），处理1的叶绿素测定值和光合速率显著高于处理2和对照，而处理2与对照间无显著差异。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。