稳健性

Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：（bootstrap 和 jackknife方法）；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

STAT 581 Advanced Theory of Statistical Inference (3) Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估高级统计推断理论：计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife 方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

Supply chain competitiveness ; evaluating index system ; robustness ; agility

供应链竞争力；评价指标体系；稳健性；敏捷性

Experimental results show that the two schemes can preserve inaudibility and they are robust enough to against the different signal processing operations. In addition, very large watermarking information can be embedded into the original audio signal. Furthermore, it can resist the cropping and MP3 compression attacks.

仿真实验结果表明，两种算法都具有较强的鲁棒性和不可感知性，水印嵌入容量大，提取水印时不需要原始音频信号的参与，并且对裁剪、时间伸缩等攻击具有较强的稳健性，是可行的数字音频水印算法。

The experimental results show the two practical algorithms can preserve inaudibility and they are robust enough to against the different signal processing operations. In addition, the watermarking information can be embedded into the original audio signal adaptively, which also doesnt require the use of the original audio signal for detection. Furthermore, it can resist the different attacks, such as lossy compression (MP3), filtering, resampling and requantizing, etc.

仿真实验结果表明，两种方法都具有较强的鲁棒性和不可感知性，水印嵌入容量的自适应性，提取水印时不需要原始音频信号的参与，且对包括MP3有损压缩、低通滤波、重采样/重量化等多种攻击性试验具有较强的稳健性，是可行的数字音频水印算法。

The empirical approximation methods can be applied to study uniform consistency, robustness, strong consistency of the maximum likelihood estimator of statistical estimators.

本文采用的经验逼近方法可应用于研究随机规划统计估计问题的一致相合性、稳健性、极大似然估计的强相合性。

2The definition of relative robustness was taken as Lagrangian slack variable to incorporate in the robust model for an innovative product supply chain.

2把相对稳健性作为一种松弛变量纳入到创新产品供应链的稳健优化模型中。

Chapter six estimates a New Keynesian hybrid Phillips curve under open economy for China by way of GMM, Empirical result shows that hybrid costs are statistically significant and qualitatively important; capital cost and intermediate imported input cost influence inflation mostly; there are back-looking and forward-looking pricing behavior, but the forward-looking behavior captures most firms' behavior.

本文第六章研究了中国的新凯恩斯混合菲利普斯曲线，结果表明，使用混合边际成本作为通货膨胀的驱动因素在统计和经济意义上具有显著性，影响我国通货膨胀主要是资本成本与进口中间品成本；企业定价行为既有前瞻性又有后顾性，但前瞻性处主导地位，且价格具有较强的灵活性，因此货币政策应该具有前瞻性，连贯性和稳健性。

The proposed robust road main direction detection method consists of initial main direction extraction based on the direction histogram of structure tensor and precise direction detection on vectorized edge image. Experiment results demonstrate its robustness and precise. The proposed Gibbs-sampling-based method models road network with marked point process and can effectively extract road network with initial configuration. However it is slow and still can not deal with single and isolated road segment. These problems can be solved by the real-time method. And experiments verify that the real-time method is fast during extracting road segment.

提出的稳健道路局部主方向提取算法以结构张量为基础，通过方向直方图确定大致主方向，并通过矢量化边缘进一步计算准确的方向角，实验结果表明具有良好的稳健性和准确性；提出的基于Gibbs采样的交互式道路网提取方法采用标记点过程对道路网进行建模，在给出初始构造项的情况下，能有效的提取出指定道路网；提出的实时交互式道路段提取算法弥补了上一方法无法处理单一直线道路段和计算过程慢的不足，是上一方法的有益补充，实验结果表明算法能快速提取道路段。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。