税收

If you can prove to the Internal Revenue Service that you were technically insolvent at the time of the charge-off, there are cases where the IRS will waive the tax," says Levin."But the problem is when people do nothing, and the following January a 1099 shows up from the credit card firm.

如果你能想国内税收署证明你在被宣布为'呆账'时资不抵债，那么有可能国内税收署会免除这部分税"Levin说，"但是，问题在于，当人们什么也不做，次年1月份收到来自信用卡公司的一张1099单（国内税收署发出的免债务通知单）。

This paper tries to have some innovations in the following aspects:(1) the main cause of our tax revenue depending mainly on turnover tax is short of innovation in system;(2) its innovation in system to impel the rising of income tax in developed counties, which is a good example for us to learn from in the optimization of our tax structure ;(3) the main function of turnover and income tax should be separated according to their characters;(4) the reforms in turnover and income tax should be taken simultaneously, congenially and complementally, although the former will be more progressive while the later more abrupt;(5) the essential function of tax is to raise revenue, but its fair-promoting effect is much more obvious in disbursing than in collecting.

本文力求在以下几个方面有所创新：(1)认为我国税种收入过度依赖流转税的主要原因是制度创新力度不够；(2)认为制度创新是推动发达国家所得税从弱到强的主要原因，提出我国税种结构优化需要在制度上大胆创新；(3)提出根据各个税种的特性，流转税和所得税的主要功能应有所分工；(4)流转税和所得税的改革应双管齐下，以渐进的方式改革流转税，以突变的方式改革所得税，分工协作，优势互补；(5)提出税收的主要功能是筹集收入，税收在征收环节在促进结果公平方面效果甚微，税收在支出环节更能有效促进结果公平。

This paper tries to have some innovations in the following aspects:(1) the main cause of our tax revenue depending mainly on turnover tax is short of innovation in system;(2) it's innovation in system to impel the rising of income tax in developed counties, which is a good example for us to learn from in the optimization of our tax structure ;(3) the main function of turnover and income tax should be separated according to their characters;(4) the reforms in turnover and income tax should be taken simultaneously, congenially and complementally, although the former will be more progressive while the later more abrupt;(5) the essential function of tax is to raise revenue, but its fair-promoting effect is much more obvious in disbursing than in collecting.

本文力求在以下几个方面有所创新：(1)认为我国税种收入过度依赖流转税的主要原因是制度创新力度不够；(2)认为制度创新是推动发达国家所得税从弱到强的主要原因，提出我国税种结构优化需要在制度上大胆创新；(3)提出根据各个税种的特性，流转税和所得税的主要功能应有所分工；(4)流转税和所得税的改革应双管齐下，以渐进的方式改革流转税，以突变的方式改革所得税，分工协作，优势互补；(5)提出税收的主要功能是筹集收入，税收在征收环节在促进结果公平方面效果甚微，税收在支出环节更能有效促进结果公平。

What's less honorable has been the willingness of the rich and the powerful to ride this antitax sentiment for their own purposes, or the way the President, Congress, lobbyists, and conservative commentators have been able to successfully conflate in the mind of voters the very real tax burdens of the middle class and the very manageable tax burdens of the wealthy.

一直不够光彩的是富有的和当权的人的意愿，他们为了自身目的，持有这种反对税收的观点，又或者是小布什、国会、说客和保守派评论员一直能够成功地混淆了投票者的头脑的方针政策，其实那些投票者才是中产阶级中实际承受税收负担的人，他们还是富人中驯服的承受税收负担的人。

Tax system and tax administration, however, are two inseparable parts of taxation that must be developed coordinately.

但是，在重点关注优化税收制度和调整税收政策的同时，税收管理的改革和发展也是一个不容忽视的领域。

Based on analysis of theory and operation systems of customs duty, established socialist market economy, present situation of tax regulation, and being a member of WTO, this article have proposed a way and measure of customs duty when China entry into the WTO to promote development of society and economy in China.

本文在分析海关税收调控的理论依据、运行机制的基础上，重点探讨了在我国建设社会主义市场经济和我国即将加入世界贸易组织的背景下，作为国家宏观调控重要组成部分的海关税收调控的现状，结合实际分析其中存在的问题与制约因素，提出了促进我国社会经济发展和顺应我国加入WTO，完善海关税收调控的对策和措施。

The substance of tax is non-consideration debt in the public law. The people as the whole of the taxpayers are the debtors who are entitled to ask the government as the debtee to provide public goods when they have paid for the taxes. While the government is the substantial debtee who can legitimately request the people as the debtors to pay in way of taxpaying for the expenses and prices of the public goods they have enjoyed when it has provided public goods to the people.

税在形式上直观表现为纳税人的财产向政府的无偿转移和让渡，既然税是对私人财产权的一种"剥夺"，"为何要课征税收，其正当根据是什么，这是在税收的历史上，很早就一直阐述的问题"〔1」(P15)对税收关系表象下的税之本质，恰恰是论证国家为何要课税，国民为何要纳税等税之存在的正当性、合理性和必然性的首要问题。

The core of revenue quality is the equipoise between revenue efficiency and revenue fairness.

税收质量的核心是税收效率与税收公平的均衡。

Checking against the inside request of the economic globalization and the international tax system reform trends,the current revenue tax system of our country still exists many shortage. We should follow the tax system reform wave of the world and reform the tax system of our country from tax system,tax advertises,exporting the rebate,tax policy mechanism and the tax lawmaking layer etc.

对照经济全球化对一国税制的内在要求和世界各国税制改革趋势，比较和分析我国现行税收制度还存在着许多不足之处，我们要顺应世界性税制改革的浪潮，从课税范围、税收征管、出口退税、税收政策机制、税收立法层次等方面改革我国的税制体系。

Our country's tax law has much deficiency now which prohibit the development of medium and small enterprises seriously, for example , in the aspect of tax legislation , the sponsors of interpretation are confusion, the target is ambiguous, the mdthod is single.; in the aspect of tax substantive law, VAT Law, Income Tax Law and Tariff Law are unreasonable in system design.; in the aspect of tax procedural laws, medium and small enterprises 'tax-paying cost is too high, pay attention to punishment but neglect services, and taxpayers of medium and small enterprises lack of procedural pertect, all these severely prohibit their development.

我国现行税收法律制度中还存在着诸多的不足，主要表现在税收立法方面促进中小企业立法主体混乱，目标不明确，手段单一；税收实体法方面增值税法、所得税法、关税法制度设计不合理；税收程序法方面中小企业纳税成本高、征税机关&重惩罚轻服务&、中小企业纳税人缺乏程序性保护等，严重的阻碍了中小企业的发展。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。