程序

After it is launched, aside from the kernel and a few low-level daemons, your application is the only application running on the system.

当您的应用程序激活了，除了核心和一些底层的应用外，您的程序是唯一正在系统中运行的程序。

In fact ,most of divied programs of serial programs have relationship among them ,Rare of them can be divied into subprograms which have no relationship .If we try to reduce the relationship, we can also raise the Nuclear CPU efficiency of parallel execution.

但是实际中，绝大多数串行程序各个程序段中存在相关性，很少能将其划分成毫无相关的子程序，显然，若可以使各个划分程序段之间的相关程度降低，那么，也可提高双核CPU并行执行的效率。

The analyzing method of NC code that coincides with the international ISO standards is studied. In terms of programming criterion of FANUC system, the dissertation proposes and realizes the theory of compiling and explaining NC code, verification methods of NC code, and interpolation algorithms of NC instruction in machining simulation process. And the NC cutter location information file is produced to drive NC machining simulation system.

研究了符合ISO 标准的NC 程序的分析处理方法，并具体针对FANUC数控系统的编程规范，研究了NC 程序的编译解释原理，提出了加工过程仿真中NC 程序检验方法，实现了NC 指令的插补离散化算法，生成了NC 坐标信息文件，以此作为驱动NC 加工仿真系统的数据源； 3。

Key studies PLC the safety control electric circuit, the floor control circuit, the switch gate design, as well as starting switch gate procedure, upward downward procedure, floor control procedure, automatic orientation procedure compilation.

重点研究PLC的安全控制电路、楼层控制电路，开关门电路的设计，以及启动开关门程序、上行下行程序、楼层控制程序、自动定向程序的编写。

A ''Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or generic paint programs or some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters.

文件的&透明&拷贝指的是一份机器可读的拷贝，它以一种一般公众可以取得其规格说明的格式来表现，适合于直接用一般文字编辑器、一般点阵图像程序用于由图元像素构成的影像或一些可以广泛取得的绘图程序用于由向量绘制的图形直接地进行修订；并且适合于输入到文字格式化程式，或是可以自动地转换到适合于输入到文字格式化程序的各种格式。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

Simultaneously, the exports of ionization rate and nonionzed concentration are set up as a powerful tool for studying thoroughly the freeze-out effect. dN〓/dp and dN〓/dn are neglected in the linearized equation system of the iteration methods of Newton and Gummel, due to having lower 15 orders or more than dN〓/dn and dN〓/dp, thus the computing effort is cut down with no effect on precision. A new cut-off technique is adopted to accelerate the convergence speed, about twice reduced for Newton iteration method and six times or so for Gummel iteration method. The approximate formulae of Fermi-Dirac statistics are also put forward with simpler form and higher precision. 3. A term dependent on time is added to the electron and hole current succession equations respectively. It is only this model that conservation of charge in transient analysis and alternating small-signal analysis at low temperature can be kept by. 4. The performance of SE-PISCES is explained by the simulation example of PISCES-2B, diode.

研究了低温半导体器件模拟的数值方法：对载流子浓度进行了新的归一化；编制了不考虑掺杂所引进的内建电场时的电离率计算程序；由于低温杂质电离率随偏压状态而变化，为此编制了每次求解迭代时的电离浓度计算程序，并将其插入到求解迭代程序中；同时，设置了杂质电离率和未电离杂质浓度的出口点，为更深入地研究冻析效应提供了有力工具；在Newton迭代法和Gummel迭代法的线性化方程组中忽略了dN〓/dp、dN〓/dn，是因为它们比dN〓/dn、dN〓/dp低15个数量级以上，这样减小了计算量又不影响模拟精度；对Newton迭代法和Gummel迭代法采取了新的截断技术，提高了收敛速度，Newton法迭代法和两次左右，Gummel法减少六次左右；给出了表达式更简单而精度更高的Fermi-Dirac积分近似计算公式。

On the other hand, language based approach of program verification can provide guarantee for software safety.

例如，当前的大部分程序设计语言都有一个类型系统，它一般用于检查程序的一些简单语义错误，可靠的类型系统可以以较低的代价保证程序的一些基本安全属性。

To conquer limitations of existing techniques for developing loop invariants, professor Xue Jinyun, who is imbursed under two National Nature Science Foundation of China, systematically research the theory and method of loop invariants and advanced the new definition and developing strategies for loop invariants. Based on above, he presented efficiency method of developing algorithmic program, Partition-and-Recur Approach, and its developing environment which bring into important play in formal method.

为了克服已有循环不变式开发技术存在的局限性，薛锦云教授在两个国家自然科学基金课题&若干新的算法程序设计和证明方法研究&和&实用的软件形式化方法及其开发工具的研究&的资助下，对循环不变式的理论和方法进行了系统的研究，提出了关于循环不变式的新定义和新的开发策略，并在此基础上形成了一种实用的算法程序形式化开发方法及其开发环境，在复杂算法程序及软件形式化开发中发挥了重要作用。

The design of hardware and software is the emphases of this paper, the hardware circuit board which has an ARM core-S3C44B0 is designed for the special situation and use, for the locoman it is easy to operate and it has a friendly interface. The application software is designed on the embedded operating system-uClinux, it is more complicated than the software which is not base on the operating system, but it has more functions than the latter, furthermore it is steadier when running, and it is easier to design when the operating system has many API functions to use.

本文的重点也在控制部分的软硬件设计上，针对本系统的特殊应用，设计了基于ARM芯片S3C44B0的硬件电路板，它完全满足机车操作人员要求的交互作用好、便携，抗干扰的要求；软件部分采用基于嵌入式操作系统uClinux的应用程序，它与一般的前后台系统下的应用程序相比更复杂，但它所实现的功能也是后者望尘莫及的，并且基于操作系统的应用程序运行更稳定。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。