积水

objective to study the ct diagnosis of ureteral calculus at the distal end of ureter.methods 82 cases of ureteral caculus were examined by ct scanning.all cases were proved by clinical therapeutic results.results ureteral calculuses were showed as high density image in ct scanning.the ct values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83hu.the detection rate by ct was 96.3%.in all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.in 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.conclusion ct is the most valuable way to diagnose ureteral calculus at the lower end of ureter.appropriate methods of ct scanning are essential.

目的 回顾性分析输尿管膀胱入口处结石的ct诊断结果，评价其ct检查的临床应用价值。方法分析82例输尿管膀胱入口处结石的ct检查结果，所有病例均经尿道排石证实。结果输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的ct表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，ct值≥83hu，ct确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。结论 ct检查输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有准确、无创、直观等优点，是诊断输尿管膀胱入口处结石不可替代的检查方法。

ABSTRACT: Objective To explore the approach to evaluate the renal function of patients with giant hydronephrosis preoperation and to evaluate renal plication and nephropexy with doublevertical way in the treatment of giant hydronephrosis.

目的 探讨肾积水患者的术前肾功能评价的方法，评价双垂直法肾折叠和固定术在治疗巨大肾积水患者中的作用。

In order to study the finger flow phenomenon during ponded infiltration process in layered soil, an experimental study was carried out to observe the occurrence, mechanism and environment of finger flow in six soil columns which have different grain sized sands overlain by loess soil.

根据层状结构土壤在积水入渗过程中存在发生指流的现象，该文针对黄土地区&垆盖砂&的土壤条件，在室内以西安黄土为主体，对6种不同粒径的砂质双层结构土壤进行积水入渗试验，以观测研究发生指流的现象、机理与条件。

Results Of the 21 patients, 5 showed transplanted kidney swelling alone, 8 showed transplanted kidney swelling and perinephric dropsy, 1 showed atrophy and function failure of both kidney, 2 showed perinephric hemorrhage, 1 showed multiple small cysts, small calculi and perinephric dropsy of transplanted kidney, 1 showed ureteral fistula, ureteral stricture, hydronephrosis and infarct of subsegment kidney, 1 showed hydronephrosis and ureteral calculi, 1 showed swelling and pyonephrosis, and 1 showed rupture of transplanted kidney.

结果 21例患者中5例仅表现为移植肾肿胀，8例表现为移植肾肿胀并肾周积液；1例为双肾萎缩伴功能丧失；2例表现为移植肾周积血；1例表现为移植肾多发小囊肿、小结石并肾周积液；1例表现为移植肾输尿管旁尿瘘伴输尿管狭窄及肾积水、亚段肾梗死；1例表现为移植肾积水并输尿管结石；1例表现为移植肾肿胀，肾盂内积脓；1例表现为移植肾破裂。

Results Nephroscopic channel was successfully established by one puncture in 13 patients with hydronephrosis and 17 patients without hydronephrosis. For the remaining 15 patients without hydronephrosis, nephroscopic channel was established by repeated puncture. All the patients had no serious complications such as pleural injury, abdominal visceral injury, pyelic laceration and renal penetrating injury.

结果 13例鹿角形肾结石伴积水患者均1次穿刺成功，32例无积水型肾结石患者中17例1次穿刺成功，15例多次穿刺后成功建立理想的取石通道。45例患者均无胸膜损伤、腹腔脏器损伤、肾盂撕裂及肾脏穿通伤等严重并发症发生。

The mechanism of additional effect is very complicated. Experiment indicated that the additional effect of shallow water-accumulating gob had significant impact on transient electromagnetic signals. And the additional effect could not be simply incorporated into disturbance. The cause of additional effect was analyzed theorically. The examples confirmed that a the application of additional effect in detection of water-accumulating gob can produce ideal results.

附加效应产生的机理很复杂，试验表明，浅层的积水采空区的附加效应对瞬变电磁信号的影响很大，不能将这种现象简单的归结为干扰，本文从理论上分析了附加效应产生的原因，实例证明将附加效应应用到积水采空区的探测中能取得理想的效果。

During the infiltration process of indirect subsurface drip irrigation, the ponded water depth changed from zero to a constant and accelerated the water movement in the vertical direction, which reduced the discrepancy of wetted distance in lateral direction and vertical direction, while the changed water depth had small influence on the wetting front movement in vertical direction to upward and downward. The shape of wetted soil zone was spheroid, and its symmetry axis lied near the bottom of the water conducting device.

间接地下滴灌灌水过程中，从零开始逐渐增大并趋于稳定的积水深度加速了水分在垂直方向的运移，缩小了横向湿润距离和垂向湿润距离之间的差异，但变化的积水深度对湿润锋在垂直方向向上和向下的运移速率影响不大，使湿润体形状表现为扁率不断减小的椭球体，且椭球体对称轴分布在靠近导水装置底部的位置。

In case of raining, raining water on road and mud on temporary road for pile conveyance shall be cleaned in order to prevent the skid, and the ponding nearby shall also be removed.

下雨时，为防止运桩的临时道路打滑，必须及时将路面上的积水及泥土扫净，并排除其附近的积水。

In order to study the effects of water supply intensity, soil bulk density, initial soil moisture and soil texture on infiltration ponding time under the condition of non-sufficient water supply, and build mathematical relation on infiltration ponding time and each factor, infiltration experiments with eight kinds of homogenized soils under non-sufficient water supply condition were conducted indoors.

为了研究供水强度、土壤容重、初始含水率、土壤质地等因素对非充分供水入渗积水时间的影响，建立入渗积水时间与单一因素的数学关系，在室内进行了8种均质土壤的非充分供水入渗试验。

Analyzing the cause of the problem of mangle of aerators, applying Venturi tube principles, and calculating in theories, we designed a specific scheme to discharge the seeper in pipeline for solving the problem of the mangle of aerators,and gained a good practical resul.

经分析 ，其根本原因是管道内的积水所致；应用文丘里管原理并通过理论计算，设计了一种排出管道内积水以解决曝气器坏损问题的具体方案，并应用于实际，获得了较好的实践效果

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐