积水

It is important to evaluate the renal function of patients with giant hydronephrosis before operation.

术前对巨大肾积水患者的肾脏功能作充分评估有重要意义，对有功能的巨大积水肾行双垂直法肾折叠和固定术，可促进肾形态和功能的恢复。

Methods: The data of 6 cases with 9 hydronephrotic kidneys were studied retrospectively, 3 male and 3 female. The hydronephrosis appeared from 28 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.

对1996年至2005年收治的6例胎儿肾积水临床资料进行回顾性分析。6例中男、女各3例，发现肾积水时间为胎龄28~40周，左肾3例，双肾3例，共9只肾。

Abstract］ Objective To explore the suitable management for patients with giant hydronephrosis and the approach to evaluate the renal function of giant hydronephrotic kidney.

摘要］ 目的探讨重度肾积水时适宜的处理方法及估计患者肾功能的可靠指标，以求对重度肾积水的最合理治疗。

Part two Value of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography in Diagnosis and Differential diagnosis of HydrosalpinxObjective: Hydrosalpinx is one of commonly chronic inflammation in the fallopian tube.

第二部分超声输卵管造影对输卵管积水的诊断及鉴别诊断目的输卵管积水是慢性输卵管炎症中较为常见的类型。

Results: 28 cases of patients (a total of 55 fallopian tubes, 1 case of tubal pregnancy due to tubal surgery to remove the side), two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound showed that 20 cases were diagnosed as the side of hydrosalpinx, 8 cases of bilateral hydrosalpinx.

结果28例患者(共计55条输卵管，1例因输卵管妊娠手术切除一侧输卵管)，经阴道二维超声显示诊断为20例一侧输卵管积水，8例双侧输卵管积水。

The lower pregnancy rate was found in Group C,the highest abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were found in Group C was 21.15% and 7.69% repectively,and was statistially different from that in control group (P.05).Conclusion Hydrosalpinx is detrimental to the outcome of IVF-ET and may cause the increase of abortion,appropriate procedure should be adopted to deal with the problem before the IVF-ET and may improve the outcome of IVF-ET and may decrease the abortion rate.

输卵管积水对IVF-ET有不良影响，增加了流产率及异位妊娠率，在IVF-ET前对输卵管积水进行适当的处理有助于提高临床妊娠率，降低流产率；与输卵管切除术相比，输卵管近端结扎伞端造口术对卵巢功能影响较小，不增加流产率及异位妊娠率。

Results For 12 CRDA cases with severe hydronephrosis,BUS was diagnostic in 9 cases and suggestive in 2 cases,while IVP was only suggestivc in 4 cases;For 11 cases with mild to moderate hydronephrosis,BUS made correct diagnosis for 10 cases,IVP was correct in 5 cases;For 8 CRDA of maldeveloped type,BUS made diagnosis for 5 and was suggestive for 1,IVP was correct for 2;For 3 cases CRDA of developed type,IVP was correct for all while BUS was correct only for 1 case.

结果 12例重度积水型重肾，B超对9例作出诊断，2例提示性诊断，而IVP仅对4例提示性诊断；11例轻-中度积水型重肾，B超对10例作出诊断，而IVP对5例作出诊断，3例提示性诊断；8例发育不良型重肾，B超对5例作出诊断，1例提示性诊断，而IVP仅对2例作诊断；3例发育型重肾，IVP均作出诊断，而B超仅对1例作出诊断。

The imaging manifestation of BUS and IVP were restrospectively analysed in accordance with surgical findings.Results For 12 CRDA cases with severe hydronephrosis,BUS was diagnostic in 9 cases and suggestive in 2 cases,while IVP was only suggestivc in 4 cases;For 11 cases with mild to moderate hydronephrosis,BUS made correct diagnosis for 10 cases,IVP was correct in 5 cases;For 8 CRDA of maldeveloped type,BUS made diagnosis for 5 and was suggestive for 1,IVP was correct for 2;For 3 cases CRDA of developed type,IVP was correct for all while BUS was correct only for 1 case.

结果 12例重度积水型重肾，B超对9例作出诊断，2例提示性诊断，而IVP仅对4例提示性诊断；11例轻-中度积水型重肾，B超对10例作出诊断，而IVP对5例作出诊断，3例提示性诊断；8例发育不良型重肾，B超对5例作出诊断，1例提示性诊断，而IVP仅对2例作诊断；3例发育型重肾，IVP均作出诊断，而B超仅对1例作出诊断。

Results Ureteral calculuses were showed as high density image in CT scanning.The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.In 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐