积分的

The integral area for calculating the beam width by using the definition of generalized second-order moments is selected to ensure the energy in the angular domain more than 75% of the total beam energy and the measurement method and steps still follow the relevant ISO standards. The generalized M2 factor of truncated Gaussian beam has been measured. The experimental results for different truncated parameters have been compared with the theoretical results, showing the validness of the method proposed.

在利用广义强度二阶矩计算光束束宽时，以积分角谱范围能够包含光束总能量的75%以上作为积分范围的选取标准，并遵循现有的国际标准化组织规定的测量步骤和方法对截断高斯光束的广义M2因子进行了测量，并将不同截断参量时的实验结果与理论计算结果进行了比较，证明了该方法的正确性。

Singular integral equations with complex translations on smooth closed curve are discussed if equations satisfy regularity condition. And the solutions are obtained by the method of regularization.

在正则型的假设下，讨论了封闭曲线带复平移的奇异积分方程，并利用正则化方法得到方程解的表达式，所得结论补充了带平移的奇异积分方程的理论。

In thesequel,the definition of singular point is given,and then the Laurent's expansionof a LR regular function with isolated singular points is obtained in the corre-sponding Laurent domain,after that,we introduce the definition of residue,andthe residue theorems are obtained.

虽然这仅仅讨论的是在Clifford分析中的较为特殊的Riemann边值问题与奇异积分方程，但它仍然改进了以前文献的结果，从而也为更进一步地解决Clifford分析中一般的Riemann边值问题与奇异积分方程提供了基本的解决思想。

The results show the high accuracy quality of spectral element method and the stability of Newmark time integral method. Then some computational parameter is changed in example one such as the subdivision style of computational domain, time step length and such on. Some important conclusions and strategies for spectral element method with Newmark integral method for computational aeroacoustics can be given. The feasibility of spectral element method for computational aeroacoustics is verified.

计算结果表明谱元方法的高精度及Newmark时间积分方法的稳定性，并改变算例的计算参数，例如计算区域剖分方式、时间推进步长等进行了计算，得出了一些重要结论，为使用谱元方法结合Newmark积分求解气动声学问题积累了重要的经验，最终证明了谱元方法求解计算气动声学问题的可行性。

The statistical discrepancy of each spectral data point is estimated, then the contiguous data points are integrated adaptively based on the statistical discrepancy. Comparing to the fixed width binning, the proposed method can overcome the following negative effects on the subsequently statistical analysis. For example, signals with opposite statistical discrepancies may be superposition in a same region.

通过计算各数据点统计特性，并根据相邻数据点的统计差特性进行自适应积分，克服了目前普遍采用的等间隔分段积分法可能存在的缺陷(如统计差异性相反的信号相互抵消、微弱特征信号被掩盖及谱图信噪比下降等)，从而避免了对后续统计分析所产生的负面影响。

From three respects in calculus teaching, this paper has mainly discussed magical effect of physics meaning of questions, which is curve integration curved surface integration and sum of series formula.

微积分的教学离不开问题的物理意义，文章从曲线积分、曲面积分以及级数求和公式的推导等三个方面来说明问题的物理意义在微积分教学中的妙用。

The "compressed sparse row data format" is adopted to save storage and the "mode multiplication" is used to improve the computation efficiency, so that the finite integration equation is obtained with low storage and high efficiency. To solve the finite integration equation, which is a large-scale sparse algebraic eigenvalue problem under the condition specified, the Krylov subspace iteration method is introduced and the shift-invert Arnoldi method is proposed to exclude the unphysical static electro-magnetic solution and get the needed eigensolution around the specified eigenvalue.

采用"行索引稀疏格式"压缩存贮技术节约内存，采用大型稀疏矩阵的模式乘法，提高矩阵计算效率，高效获得了离散电场分量满足的有限积分方程；针对有限积分特征方程的求解，论文介绍了大型稀疏矩阵Krylov子空间迭代方法，并提出了位移求逆Arnoldi算法，以排除非物理的静态电磁场解，获得指定频率附近的特征值。

The beam quality of a LD pumped Nd∶YAG laser is measured with CCD camera system. The background characteristics of the CCD system and the influence of the size of integral box upon measurement results are investigated. The following conclusions can be derived form experimental results:(1) Background is strongly depend upon exposure time and pixel binning,while temperature has an ignorable effect upon it,whether with or without ambient light.(2) A 5%-cut is the minimum value in order to get a reasonable result.

采用CCD系统实验测量了LD泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器的光束质量参数，研究了CCD系统的背景噪声特性和积分区域选取对光束质量参数测量的影响，从实验数据中得到以下结论：（1）在有、无背景光两种条件下，背景记数强烈地依赖于曝光时间和像素的合并，温度影响可以忽略不计，（2）为获得M2合理的测量结果，至少要选择5%积分区域。

Kobayashi had analyzed the relationship between genetype and BMD of 238 post-menopause healthy femmes at Nagano county in Japan,and pointed out:the abdominal vertebra the Z integral of BMD has correlation with PvuⅡsite,the corresponding BMD\' s sequence of each genetype is: PP＜Pp＜pp,the Z integral of PP genetype in abdominal vertebra BMD is the lowest,but the corresponding BMD\' s sequence of Xbal polymorphic site genetype is XX＞Xx＞xx,without statistical significance.

Kobayashi等分析日本Nagano县238名绝经后健康妇女基因型与BMD的关系发现：腰椎BMD的Z积分与PvuⅡ位点相关，各基因型对应的BMD高低顺序为PP＜Pp＜pp，PP基因型腰椎BMD的Z积分最低，而XbaⅠ多态位点基因型对应的BMD高低顺序为XX＞Xx＞xx，但无统计学意义。

The residual parts are surface integrations whose integrands are the products of the scalar Green's function and fields or their derivatives. The high order singularity of integrands in the integral equation is reduced to one order, making for program implementation.

剩下的部分是关於标量Green函数与场强值或与它们的一阶导数值乘积的面积分，这样积分方程的被积函数高阶奇异性被降到一阶，有利於计算机的程序实现。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。