积分的

The content of this course is: analytic function (the definition of analytic function, elementary functions, etc.), conformal mapping (the definition if conformal mapping, fractional linear functions, elementary mappings, etc.), complex integration (Cauchy's integral formula, Cauchy's theorem, etc.), Series (Laurent Series, singularities, local property, etc.), residues and its applications (the Residues Theorem, integration by residues, the Argument Principle, the Maximum Principle, Schwarz's Lemma, etc.), analytic continuation and harmonic functions, etc.

本课程内容主要包括：解析函数(解析函数的定义、初等函数等)、共形映射(共形映射的定义、分式线性变换及初等映射等)、复积分(Cauchy 积分公式、 Cauchy 定理等)、级数(Laurent 级数、孤立奇点、局部映射等)、留数及其应用(留数定理、利用留数计算积分、幅角原理、最大模原理、 Schwarz 引理等)、解析开拓和调和函数等内容。

Most of the current finite element software packages treat it using the net-radiation method or absorbed radiation method based on the assumption of isothermal surface with uniform radiation heat flux,which brings the conflict between the precision and the quantity of grids.

进行了选用高阶单元、采用高斯积分精确计算单元表面变辐射热流方法的研究，从而摆脱了一致表面温度和辐射热流的假设，使得在相同网格密度的情况下计算精度大大提高；同时，从包含辐射换热问题的有限元计算方程出发，采用与有限元数值计算时相同的积分方案，只在独立的积分点处计算辐射热流，克服了积分方法计算效率低的缺点。

The discrete velocity ordinate method in the kinetic theory of gases is developed and applied to discretize the correspo

借助非定常时间分裂法和无波动无自由参数的NND耗散格式，建立直接求解微观分子速度分布函数的有限差分数值格式；研究并发展可用于离散速度坐标点选取和离散速度空间宏观取矩的高斯─埃尔米特无穷积分方法、等均间隔的牛顿─柯斯复合积分法、以勒让德多项式的根为积分结点的高斯─勒让德数值积分法，并应用于不同马赫数绕流模拟；通过对不同流域一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流问题和三维球体绕流的计算研究，并将计算结果与其他途径得到的研究结果诸如DSMC模拟值、N-S解及有关实验数据进行比较分析，创建了一套能有效模拟稀薄流到连续流不同流域气体流动问题简化的统一数值算法研究框架

These results show that:(1) the results retrieved from the Abel integral and absolute TEC inversion are consistent on the whole at higher orbits altitude (~800 km), and in good agreement with those measured by ionosondes; the results retrieved from absolute TEC inversion are in better agreement with those obtained from ionosondes than that by the Abel integral inversion at lower orbits attitude (~500 km);(2) the maximal electron density N m from absolute TEC inversion is closer to N mF2 from ionosondes than that from Abel integral inversion, and the method of the former is more rigorous and effective than that of the latter;(3) absolute TEC is more sensitive to cycle slip than Abel integral, but for the two ways significant loss of inversion precision due to cycle slip always exists.

结果表明：（1）在较高轨道高度（约800 km），Abel积分与绝对TEC方法的反演结果基本一致，都与电离层测高仪反演结果符合良好；在较低轨道高度（约500 km），绝对TEC反演精度优于Abel积分反演精度；（2）绝对TEC反演的最大电子密度 N m较Abel积分法获得的结果更接近于电离层测高获得的峰值电子密度 N mF2，绝对TEC反演法更加严密和有效；（3）周跳对绝对TEC反演结果的影响较Abel积分反演结果的影响更为敏感，但无论哪种方法，周跳对反演精度都造成严重损失。

First,we consider the lower semicontinuity property fora functional with linear growth in LDΩthe second, in the SBD space,we discussthe lower semicontinuity of an integral functional that the integrand is a Carathéodoryfunction and that satisfies a symmetric quasi-convex assumption, by the compactnesstheorem of the SBD space,blow-up method and Morrey theorem,prove that integral functional is lower semicontinuous with respect to L~1- convergence;then by using theone-dimentional sections method and the structure theorem of the BD functions, dis-cuss the lower semicontinuity of the integral functional in the whole BD space.

首先我们考虑LD空间满足线性增长的积分泛函的下半连续性；其次在SBD函数空间讨论了被积函数为Carathéodory函数时的积分泛函在满足对称拟凸条件时的下半连续性，主要利用SBD函数空间的紧性定理和blow-up方法以及Morrey定理等给出了积分泛函关于L~1-强收敛的下半连续性；然后利用BD函数的一维截断方法和结构定理，讨论了在BD全空间上的积分泛函的下半连续性。

I. on limited time segment, and the ergodicity and stationarity of the C. I. on T, M are studied. After that, a relationship between C. I. and gradient of objective function is revealed and a recurrence formula of C.

为此，我们首先定义了作为全文基础的双随机过程的相关积分，研究了集合平均上的相关积分，有限时间域上的相关积分和T.M区间上的相关积分及其各态历经性问题。

In recent years, Feng Kang has advanced a more natural and direct redu-ction, i. e. the reduction via Green's formula and Green's function.

近年来冯康又提出一种更自然而直接的归化，即从Green公式及Green函数出发将微分方程边值问题化为边界上的含有广义函数意义下发散积分有限部分的奇异积分方程，这种归化在各种边界归化中占有特殊地位，被称为正则边界归化，本文将这一理论应用于重调和椭圆边值问题，研究了其正则归化的性质，并通过利用Green函数、Fourier分析及复变函数论方法等不同途径求出了在上半平面、单位圆内部、单位圆外部三种区域的Poisson积分公式及正则积分方程，其离散化可用于实际计算。

We introduce the concept of irregular incremental integral samples. Therefore, we present the reconstruction of signal from regular and irregular incremental integral samples in spline subspaces and show the essence of the concept of incremental integral samples. The obtained results improve and generalize the Aldroubi, Moon, Zhou and Sun's results.

我们引入了非均匀增量积分采样的概念，并讨论了在样条子空间中从均匀增量积分采样和非均匀增量积分采样中的重构，从而揭示了增量积分采样的实质，获得的结果推广并改进了Aldroubi、Moon、周性伟、孙文昌等人的工作。

In the new method for two-dimensional problems the line integrals onboundary elements are converted into the evaluation of potentialfunctions at the ends of these elements.For three-dimensional cases,thesurface integrals on the usual boundary elements are transformed,through an application of Stokes'theorem,into line integrals on thebounding contours of these elements.

边界轮廓法是刚刚出现的一种新型的边界元法，该方法的核心是利用边界积分方程被积函数散度为零的特性，对二维问题，原积分方程中沿边界单元的线积分被化为单元两端点势函数之差计算，对三维问题，将边界单元上的面积分转变为沿单元轮廓的线积分，它是一种十分简便有效的边界元新技术。

And by using the initial conditions as well as the end conditions, the dynamic problem is then transferred to a second kind Volterra integral equation about the function of the axial strain with respect to time which can also be solved successfully by the interpolation method. For piezoelectric and pyroelectric hollow cylinders, by following the solving procedure for elastic hollow cylinder and by using the electric boundary conditions, the dynamic problems are transferred to two Volterra integral equations about two functions of time, one is axial strain and the other is related to electric displacement, which can also be solved efficiently and quickly by employing interpolation method. The elastodynamic solutions of hollow spheres, which are made of elastic, piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials, respectively, for spherically symmetric problems are also obtained.

对于弹性空心圆柱，通过引入一特定函数将非齐次边界条件化为齐次边界条件，然后利用正交展开技术，导出关于时间函数的方程，再结合初始条件和端部边界条件，将原问题转化为关于一个时间函数的第二类Volterra积分方程，运用插值法可给出此积分方程的解；对于压电和热释电空心圆柱，利用求解弹性空心圆柱相似的方法，再结合电学边界条件，原问题转化为关于两个时间函数（轴向应变和与电位移有关的函数）的第二类Volterra积分方程组，同样可用插值法来构造相应的递推公式高效地求解此积分方程组。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。