积分常数

It was found that the pulse distortion can be quite severe depending on frequency, pulse width ,and path length.

应用傅立叶时域积分近似解方法对毫米脉冲波通过雨媒质时的传输特性进行了研究和分析，得出了脉冲畸变随频率、降雨率、脉冲宽度及传播距离的变化关系，讨论了脉冲展宽与压缩随传播常数二阶导数的关系。

The expression of the complex equipment failure rate under the normal operating conditions were researched based on the renewal theory .

基于更新理论，研究了正常使用条件下复杂设备故障率λ的表达问题，结果表明：对任意的故障分布，复杂设备故障率λ的极限为一积分表达式，仅在指数分布时，该极限是一个常数。

Secondly, based on the different structure characteristics and additional conditions, we study several kinds of inverse problems of pseudoparabolic equations. One is a kind of pseudoparabolic inverse problem of identifying a constant coefficient solved by combining the formal solution of the problem and the additional condition properly. The second is the pseudoparabolic inverse problems of identifying an unknown boundary function and an unknown source term solved by using the Riemann function method to get the formal solution of the problem and then using the additional condition to transform the problem into a Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The third is a kind of backward heat flow problem of nonlinear pseudoparabolic equation solved by combining the Riemann function method and the fixed point theory properly.

其次，根据不同模型的结构特点和附加条件，研究了几类伪抛物型方程的反问题：一是利用问题的形式解并结合附加条件，解决了一类伪抛物型方程常数系数的反问题；二是利用Riemann函数方法获得问题的形式解，利用附加条件将问题转化成求解第二类Volterra积分方程问题，解决了一类伪抛物型方程未知边界值的反问题和未知源项的反问题；三是将Riemann函数方法和不动点定理相结合，解决了一类非线性伪抛物型方程的后向热流问题。

By utilizing the expansion expression of equilibrium point of the system, the homogeneous equation s solution was obtained, and then the nonlinear differential equation was equivalent to its nonlinear Volterra's integral equation of the second kind by the constant variation method.

首先将系统在平衡点附近进行展开，求得其齐次方程的解，然后利用常数变易法将非线性微分方程变为等价的第二类非线性Volterra积分方程。

The reagent molecule CH〓 that is consisted of an H atom and a CH〓 fragment which is treated as a semirigid vibrating rotor.

我们计算得到了不同初始振转态的总反应几率，积分反应截面和速率常数。

According to the integral equations of pipe flow, the relationship between the friction factor and the log-law was approached, as well as the effects of low Reynolds number on the relation of friction factor.

利用管流的积分方程，深入探讨了摩擦系数关系式的系数和对数定律常数之间的关系，进一步分析了低雷诺数对摩擦系数关系式的影响。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。