积分因子

To establish an absolute thermodynamic scale we choose the integral factor which is independent of the nature of any particular substance to p...

我们选用与物质本质无关的积分因子λ作为测温性质，建立起热力学绝对温标。

The procedure estimating the regularization parameter is the same as that the adaptive Marquardt algorithm used. The Frechet derivative is directly derived from the forward methods: SAM and FEM. With the theory of SAM and Zhang′s geometric factor, the relationship between the Frechet derivative and the geometric factor is established, at the same time, one useful corollary is given, i.

选取正则化因子时，沿用自适应的Marquardt算法中阻尼因子的选取计算方法；计算Frechet导数时，根据逐次逼近解法和张氏几何因子理论，推导出了Frechet导数与张氏几何因子的关系，得出了Frechet导数为张氏一阶积分几何因子的结论。

By integral transformation of basic equations, the stress and displacement expressions with unknown coefficients of elastic and viscoelastic materials were obtained in Laplace domain respectively, and introducing dislocation density functions, the singular integral equations were got according to the boundary conditions and interface connection conditions, further adopting Gauss integration and Gauss-Jacobi integration formula, the problem was reduced to algebraic equations, then it can be solved with the method of collocation dots in Laplace domain. Finally, the time response of dynamic stress intensity factor was calculated with the inverse Laplace integral transformation.

采用积分变换方法，得到Laplace域内弹性和粘弹性材料的应力和位移的含未知系数的表达式；引入位错密度函数，并通过边界条件和界面连接条件，导出反映裂纹尖端奇异性的奇异积分方程组，采用Gauss积分，并运用Gauss-Jacobi求积公式化奇异积分方程组为代数方程组，利用配点法进行求解；最后经过Laplace逆变换，求得动态应力强度因子的时间响应。

The shear moduli in two directions were assumed to vary in terms with hyperbolic function .

假设剪切模量沿着梯度方向都按双曲函数变化，采用积分变换-对偶积分方程方法，求得了裂纹尖端应力场和应力强度因子，并研究了材料不均匀参数对应力强度因子的影响。

The relationship between the G(superscript *) integral of release rate of non-spontaneous extending energy and stress-intensity factors was given. The relationships among G(superscript *) integral, load, geometry parameters and machine function parameters were provided. Furthermore, the stress intensity factor of center cracks in sectional I beam was obtained.

给出了工字型截面梁裂纹非自发扩展能量释放率G积分与应力强度因子的关系，同时也给出了G积分与载荷、几何参量以及机械性能参数的关系，进而得到工字型截面梁腹板中心裂纹的应力强度因子。

Integrating factor to solve this problem is to introduce the concept.

积分因子就是为了解决这个问题而引进的概念。

One major integrating factor over the past few years has been the booming construction home building/real estate boom.

其中一个主要的积分因子在过去几年中一直是蓬勃发展的建筑家建筑/房地产景气。

The integrating factor and the modifying factor were applied in controller, and interpolation method was used in the modifying factor fuzzy number model. A fuzzy switching mode was employed to avoid the undesirable disturbances caused by the switchover between the two control methods, and execution area of the fuzzy switchover can be set by membership function.

控制器中引入积分因子和自调整修正因子，对修正因子模糊数模型采用在线插值运算；采用模糊切换来保证2种控制的平稳过渡，模糊切换的执行区域可通过设定其隶属函数的形状参数加以确定。

The mixed boundary problem was reduced to a system of singular integral equations by means of Fourier transform.

利用Fourier积分变换技术将混合边值问题转化为一对奇异积分方程，通过数值求解奇异积分方程获得含裂纹功能梯度板条分别在剪切和法向载荷作用下的I型和Ⅱ型应力强度因子，并讨论了材料的非均匀性和裂纹相对尺寸对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响。

In this paper, a simulation study is made for both the vector-convertion model of a squirrel-cage induction motor and vector control system which takes the model as its control object. In the simulation model, many controllers are used and deeply studied, they are classical PID controller, simple fuzzy control, fuzzy controller with integration factor and fuzzy + PI dual mode controller. In the end of this thesis, fuzzy-neural controller application is stressed.

首先建立了交流电动机矢量控制的SIMULINK模型，通过大量的仿真实验分别对PID控制器、简单模糊控制器、带有积分因子的模糊控制器、以及模糊控制与PI控制结合的复合型控制器应用于矢量控制系统做了深入细致的研究和分析。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。