科研

This paper summarizes the background and advantage of data mining, as well as the significance of data mining in the scientific research management of colleges and universities firstly, and then discusses the theory of data mining, association rules and the ideas of main algorithm, analyzes the classic Apriori algorithm and its existing problems as well as the basic solutions. After that, this paper proposes Multi-Dimensional Apriori algorithm which is designed specially for the mining of this paper; Then describes the structure of scientific research data mining system, defines subject-oriented mining tasks, including: mining the data about research projects, mining the data about papers, mining the data about academic writings. The association mining process is implemented by programing, a number of stimulating association rules are found, interpreted and analyzed.

本文首先综述了数据挖掘的研究背景、意义以及数据挖掘技术在高校科研管理中的应用现状和意义，然后在对数据挖掘相关理论、关联规则思想及主要算法进行讨论，分析经典Apriori算法及其存在的问题、基本解决方案后，提出了适合本文挖掘的多维Apriori算法的设计方案，并应用于本文挖掘中；接着论文介绍了科研数据的关联挖掘系统的结构，确定了面向主题的挖掘任务，包括：科研项目信息的挖掘、论文信息的挖掘、学术专著信息的挖掘等；设计了关联规则的实施过程，并通过程序编码得以实现，获得了多条有启发性的关联规则，并对其进行了解释与分析。

With reformation of medical treatment sanitation system and constant improvement of medical scientific research demanding, just because traditional laboratory management mode has not adapted to phasic requirement, we should establish new organizational system mode of laboratory at the base of the whole hospital.

实验室建设的状况直接关系到医院科研水平的提高，随着医疗卫生体制的改革和对医学科研要求的不断提高，传统的实验室管理模式已很难适应现代化医院科研形势的需求，应建立以医院整体为定义对象的实验室建制模式。

The laboratory construction status relate directly to the hospital s scientific research level. With reformation of medical treatment sanitation system and constant improvement of medical scientific research demanding, just because traditional laboratory management mode has not adapted to phasic requirement, we should establish new organizational system mode of laboratory at the base of the whole hospital.

实验室建设的状况直接关系到医院科研水平的提高，随着医疗卫生体制的改革和对医学科研要求的不断提高，传统的实验室管理模式已很难适应现代化医院科研形势的需求，应建立以医院整体为定义对象的实验室建制模式。

Boyer put forward four academic types, thus including teaching into the category of scientific research.

洪堡于19世纪初确立了大学"教学与科研相统一"的原则，他认为科研是最好的教学；两个世纪后，博耶提出四种学术类型，将教学纳入科研的范畴。

Based on the scientific and technical force of Animal Quarantine Institute and other scientific institutes, universities and colleges both at home and abroad, guaranteed by the modern manufacturing equipments, advanced production techniques and strict enterprise management, with China Epizootiology Center and Animal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center as windows and backed by sale and extention network covering the whole country and broad competent experts, the company is becoming a new and high-tech enterprise integrating scientific development, production and business and technical service.

公司以农业部动物检疫所及国内外科研单位、大专院校科研力量为依托，以现代化生产设备、高标准的生产工艺、严格的企业管理为保证，以全国动物流行病学研究中心及动物疫病诊疗中心为窗口，以覆盖全国的销售、推广网络及强大的专家服务队伍为后盾，发展成为集科研开发、生产经营、技术服务于一体的高新技术企业。

It analyses the hard-pressed development of school culture of scientific research and puts forward its conception and connotation.

分析了学校科研文化发展的困境，提出学校科研文化的概念和内涵及建设学校科研文化的策略。

The impartation of teaching and scientific research go hand in hand in the development of tertiary education;one cannot be stressed at the expense of the other.

在高等教育发展中，教学与科研是高校的两大职能，教学是中心工作，科研是重要工作，教学与科研同等重要，不能偏废任何一方。

This paper brings forward the principal theory from research map to teaching map; the techinque that change research map to teaching map in the environment of MapInfo GIS; and the key points in cartography synthesis from disaster research maps to disaster teaching maps with three kinds of disaster maps as examples.

通过研究，提出了科研地图转为教学地图的基本原别；提出了在MapInfo专业制图环境下，科研地图转为教学地图制图综合的技术流程；以三类自然灾害地图为例，提出了灾害科研地图转为灾害教学地图的制图综合要点。

Besides, I also surely know that just professional skills are not enough for being a good doctor. Hence, I attend the basic scientific research of preclinical medical college, the epidemiological investigation of public health college and the clinical scientific research of clinic college,from which I possess of some experimental skill such as CELL CULTER , PCR , Western blotting and so on.Above all,these experience cultivate my ability of designing the experiment and enforcing the experiment,which help me complete my research.

做为一名七年制的学生，学校对我们的要求是&临床技能和科研能力同等重要&因此在进行临床技能培养的同时，我先后参加过我校基础医学院的基础科研实践、公共卫生学院的流行病学调查实习，及临床学院的临床科研实践，让我熟练掌握了细胞培养、 PCR 、 Western blotting 等分子生物学技术；最重要的是，这些实践经验培养了我独立完成从研究课题的设计到实验方案的实施能力，帮助我顺利的完成了我在硕士期间的科研项目。

Viewed from the perspective of a university research manger, the article reviews the present author's understanding and practice in university research management since the 1990s. It also puts forward a three-dimensional model of service-learning-research to conceptualise research management, recommends it to move beyond service to incorporate learning and practitioner research.

本文站在院系科研管理者的角度，通过对自身科研管理工作的回顾，梳理了笔者自90年代以来对高校院系科研管理工作的认知和实践，提出了高校科研管理的三个维度－服务、学习、研究，并从与科学研究的&本能结合&、&本义结合&提升为&本质结合&。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。