科普兰

Dr Arthur Caplan, who is probably America's best-known bioethicist, complained that the grand jury had not sighted his report.

亚瑟。科普兰很可能是美国最著名的生物伦理学家了，他抱怨说该大陪审团没有看过他的报告。

Aaron Copland(1900-1990)was one of the leading American composers in 20th century.

阿伦·科普兰(Aaron Copland，1900-1990)是美国20世纪最重要的作曲家之一。科普兰一生的音乐活动是极为丰富的。

While Copland and Graham were collaborating on the creation of the ballet, she wrote to him, saying, I have been working on your music.

当科普兰与葛蓝姆一起合作制作芭蕾舞剧的时候，葛蓝姆曾写信给科普兰，她说：「我已经开始做你的音乐了。

The study on Copland in our country started in the eighties. It has mainly laid stress on analysis and introduction, ignoring the systematic study of his whole main works.

我国对科普兰的研究始于八十年代，但主要偏重于分析介绍方面，尚缺少对科普兰全部主要作品的系统研究。

In the study on Copland's works there used to be a trend towards part analysis of specific description based on a single composition, which seems to lack of overall observation of all the principal compositions of all parts, of the comprehensive understanding of the style forming process, and the internal factor of the formation.

而在对科普兰音乐作品的研究中，也往往表现出以单一作品为基础的个别状态下的局部分析的倾向，似乎尚缺少对全部主要作品整体的全方位观察和对作品风格的完整认识，缺少对科普兰作品风格形成过程及其形成的内在因素的认识。

The article based on the Master dissertation will make a further extensive study on all his whole main works of different periods under the guidance of Professor Qian Renkang from Shanghai Conservatory of Music, so as to get a better comprehensive appraisal of Copland's music style, a better understanding of his contribution to the development of the American music.

本文是在硕士论文的基础上，在上海音乐学院钱仁康教授的悉心指导下，进一步对科普兰各个创作时期全部主要作品的广泛和深入的研究，以便对科普兰的作品风格得出一个较全面的评价，对科普兰在美国音乐发展中所做的贡献有更深层的认识。

This article attempts to mend the above insufficiency. That is, through observing Copland's technical changes of his whole music style carrier, we observe his style of the times, the style of the nationality and the artistic style with characteristic personality so as to gain true understanding of his music style.

本文的研究试图能弥补上述不足，即通过观察科普兰整体音乐风格载体的技术风格的变化，来观察科普兰作品的时代风格，民族风格以及富于个性特点的艺术风格，进而达到对科普兰音乐作品风格认知的目的。

The author began systematic study on Copland's"Practical Music"and drama music, and then completed the Master dissertation under the guidance of Professor Xu Yongsan. This at that time had been the first article in our country describing his creative technique in detail, especially his skill expressing complex modern artistry through simple technique.

笔者于1988年开始对科普兰部分"实用音乐"和戏剧音乐作品进行较为系统的研究，并在许勇三教授指导下完成了相关的硕士论文，这是当时国内第一篇较为详细地讨论科普兰作品的创作技法特征，特别是他如何用简洁朴素的手法表现复杂的现代作曲技巧的文章。

The thesis attempts to interpret the phases of these women"s awakening,as are shown in three novels of hers:The Third Life of Grange Copeland,the heroines of which are merely victims of racial and gender discrimination;The Color Purple,whose heroine originally a "lamb" under the double pressure,achieves,upon awakening,a fairly "purple" life of variegation and fullness;and By the Light of My Father"s Smile,her latest works,in which a perfect image is presented of confident black American women with good educational background and leading independent life.

本文通过对艾利斯·沃克三部小说的分析来解读这一主题：第一部作品《格兰奇·科普兰的第三次生命》的女主人公还仅仅是种族和性别歧视的牺牲品；第二部作品《紫色》的女主人公原来也是这种双重压迫下的羔羊，但后来有了觉醒，经过一番反抗和奋斗，过上了精神和物质上都比较丰富充实的"紫色"生活；其近作《在父亲微笑的沐浴下》所展示的则是充满自信，受过良好教育，过着独立生活的黑人女性的完美形象。

For decades, the Skeleton Coast, north of Swakopmund, buffeted by impenetrable fog, perilous cross currents and treacherous reefs, has been a graveyard for ships, and Kaokoland, the ruggedlyinaccessible northern mountains shrouded by the mists of the Atlantic, wasn't fully explored until the second half of the 20th century.

斯瓦科普兰北部的骷髅海岸几十年以来一直弥漫着浓厚而不可穿透的雾，这里的危险海流和变化莫测的暗礁一直以来也都是往来船只的葬身之地，位于卡奥科兰北部的崎岖高山则难以攀登，终年笼罩着来自大西洋的雾气，直到20世纪后半世纪，才得以被全面探索。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。