科学研究

In chapter 5, the concept of zero-span tension known in papermaking area is for the first time introduce to wood science area to explore in-tree variation of longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids and its main influencing factors. In chapter 6, composite micromechanics and classic laminated theory are used to make a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the main influencing factors of mechanical properties of tracheids cell wall. Some experimental results acquired in the foregoing chapters are explained successfully. Results were summarized as follows: Mechanical characteristics of wood at micron scale: 1 At micron scale, the longitudinal mechanicai behavior of wood microtome section differs greatly from that of wood with normal size.

论文的第2章首先研究了微米尺度下木材的力学特性，为后面运用木材微切片拉伸技术奠定一定的理论基础；在第3章，首次考虑到了微米尺度下木材力学性质的尺寸效应，并运用木材微切片正常间距拉伸技术研究了管胞纵向弹性模量的株内变异规律；在第4章，首次利用纳米压痕技术中最新发展起来的连续刚度测量法直接在管胞细胞壁上进行纳米级的压痕实验，测量次生壁S〓层的纵横向弹性模量和硬度，从而把细胞壁力学的研究提高到一个更高的水平；在第5章，首次把造纸领域的零距拉伸技术引入木材科学研究领域，研究了管胞纵向抗拉强度的株内变异规律及其主要影响因素；第6章则运用复合材料细观力学的基本理论和经典层板理论对影响细胞壁力学性能的主要因素进行了全面而系统的分析，并为前几章的一些实验结果提供理论上的解释。

This study provided a new research way and predictive framework for interpreting the complex climate and vegetation of Taiwan, and raised some remedial suggestions. The climatic grid layers, plot-data transforming program, physiognomic classification scheme of vegetation, ecoclimatic indices, moisture-thermal distribution of plants, and PNV map resulted from this study could facilitate further the managements and researches of the natural resources.

本研究为了解台湾气候及植群类型之空间分布提供一种新的研究途径与预测架构，同时检讨研究限制并提出改善建议，研究过程所得之气象资料检定程序、气候网格图层、样区资料整合程序、植群形相分类方案、生态气候指标、树种水热境制、PNV图层等成果也有助於自然资源之经营管理与科学研究。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C. communis grown in normal soil. Several aspects were examined, including: difference of copper tolerance and accumulation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil; difference of growth and nutrient accumunation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; physiological differences between between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cu in C. communis; identification of cDNA fragments differentially expressed in C. communis grown in copper mine deposit; genetic diversity and copper tolerance of C. communis, tolerance mechanisms to copper in C. communis are discussed.

中文题名鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理和富集特征研究副题名外文题名 Mechanisms of Cu tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis 论文作者廖斌导师蓝崇钰束文圣学科专业环境科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中山大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数128页关键词重金属污染植物修复超富集植物土壤污染铜污染鸭跖草馆藏号BSLW /2003 /X53 /12 论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

Among his other professional activities, Doney serves on the NASA Orbital Carbon Observatory science team and is chair of the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Scientific Steering Group, which is a part of the U.S.

唐尼从事许多科学研究，他是美国航太总署轨道卫星碳观测站的科学小组成员，也是海洋碳与气候变迁科学指导小组的主席。

Based on having read a great deal of literatures about economic threshold, the authors pointed out the necessity and importance for applying the method of economic threshold in the studies of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem in this paper, and the authors also put forward the concept of economic threshold of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem and its research frame and some problems which should be pay attention to.

摘 要：在阅读大量有关经济阈值研究文献的基础上，创新地把经济阈值与毛竹林的科学研究结合起来，指出在毛竹林生态系统研究中，应用经济阈值研究手段与方法的必要性和重要性，并提出毛竹林生态系统经济阈值的概念、研究框架及其注意的一些问题，为毛竹林优化经营和丰产培育提供新的思路与技术。

On the base of the gradual change of quality of scientific research behavior in scientific era, the article analyzes the necessity of the penal interference to the serious Science Misconducts from three aspects.

基于大科学时代科学研究行为性质的逐渐转变，从3个方面分析了对严重的科学不端行为进行刑法干预的必要性。

The physical new curriculum standard proposed that "the science inquisition is not only student's study goal, is also one of important teaching ways""the physical curriculum standard should change overemphasizes the knowledge inheritance the tendency, lets the student career science inquisition process, the study scientific research method, raises student's inquisition ability initially".

物理新课程标准提出&科学探究既是学生的学习目标，又是重要的教学方式之一&&物理课程标准应改变过分强调知识传承的倾向，让学生经历科学探究过程，学习科学研究方法，初步培养学生的探究能力&。

At the same time, the pluralists oppose the one-sided understanding of logic, and take both traditional and modern logic, both formal and dialectical logic, both reductive and inductive logic as logic.

古代关于逻辑的思想看作一个尚未确定的领域，从而也就不能不注意到对象与工具相统一的方面，在对象的内容范围尚不确定的情况下，我们研究的工具完全可以是多元化的，既要用传统逻辑的工具，也要用现代逻辑的各分支所提供的工具去研究，最低限度这种研究可以是尝试性的，但尝试性研究是科学研究的必经阶段。

The Faculty of Economics of Trento is recognised for the quality of its teaching activities and scientific research in the study of economic sciences.

在特伦托经济学部确认为是其教学活动的质量和经济科学的研究科学研究。

One of the top priorities for Masaryk University is scientific research.

马萨里克大学注入许多新於科学研究，也已经达到了领先地位，也投注相当多的资金在其新的大学校园，以提高其科学研究和教学能力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。