科学研究

Based on optimal control theory, an optimal trajectory method is proposed for analyzing the evolutionary algorithm in this paper.

20世纪90年代以来，演化计算在算法设计、理论基础和应用研究等方面均取得了许多进展，已成为信息科学、计算机科学、运筹学和应用数学等诸多学科所共同关注的热点研究领域[1-3]，其应用已在科学研究、工程优化设计、社会与经济系统的分析预测等众多领域广泛展开·因而演化计算的

At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacon\'s Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.

所以本文在这一部分中深入探讨了培根的基本科学研究、具体科学见解和在科学研究中存在的局限性；最后，本文欲对《新工具》中的哲学和科学思想进行评论，较深入地梳理培根对前人的继承和批判、对后世的影响和对今天的启示。

At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacons Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.

所以本文在这一部分中深入探讨了培根的基本科学研究、具体科学见解和在科学研究中存在的局限性；最后，本文欲对《新工具》中的哲学和科学思想进行评论，较深入地梳理培根对前人的继承和批判、对后世的影响和对今天的启示。

In the second part, it is argued that the effect of Novum Organum on the philosophy and science is just as the function of beacon. The thesis in this part systematically introduces Bacon\'s basic and extensive thoughts excluding Baconian Induction, Theory of the Idols and the Empirical Epistemology that people have thoroughly researched; moreover, the mistakes which people have made are corrected and the limitations of the viewpoints of Novum Organum are also focused on. In the third part, Bacon\'s basic and extensive scientific and technological researches are discussed. Regarded to this, the thesis finds that people only paid attention to Bacon\'s view that heat is a motion which Bacon took lots of space in Novum Organum to summarized according to Baconian Induction.

本文总共分为四大部分：首先，分析《新工具》是对亚里斯多德《工具论》的勇敢挑战，并着重论述了培根的政治和文化背景对他的新思想所造成的深刻影响；其次，系统探讨《新工具》在哲学和科学中起到的灯塔作用，本文论述了培根的基本哲学和科学思想及具体应用和反映，但是对前人已深入探讨过的培根式归纳法、四假象说和经验认识论不再论述，同时对前人的一些误读进行澄清，并分析培根的《新工具》在哲学和科学思想方面的局限；再次，对前人很少涉猎的《新工具》中的科学研究方面进行系统论述，本文发现人们基本上仅仅注意到了培根在《新工具》中大篇幅运用培根式归纳法进行举例论证的热动说，而对这本书中其他的科学研究不甚关注。

In the second part, it is argued that the effect of Novum Organum on the philosophy and science is just as the function of beacon. The thesis in this part systematically introduces Bacon"s basic and extensive thoughts excluding Baconian Induction, Theory of the Idols and the Empirical Epistemology that people have thoroughly researched; moreover, the mistakes which people have made are corrected and the limitations of the viewpoints of Novum Organum are also focused on. In the third part, Bacon"s basic and extensive scientific and technological researches are discussed. Regarded to this, the thesis finds that people only paid attention to Bacons view that heat is a motion which Bacon took lots of space in Novum Organum to summarized according to Baconian Induction.

本文总共分为四大部分：首先，分析《新工具》是对亚里斯多德《工具论》的勇敢挑战，并着重论述了培根的政治和文化背景对他的新思想所造成的深刻影响；其次，系统探讨《新工具》在哲学和科学中起到的灯塔作用，本文论述了培根的基本哲学和科学思想及具体应用和反映，但是对前人已深入探讨过的培根式归纳法、四假象说和经验认识论不再论述，同时对前人的一些误读进行澄清，并分析培根的《新工具》在哲学和科学思想方面的局限；再次，对前人很少涉猎的《新工具》中的科学研究方面进行系统论述，本文发现人们基本上仅仅注意到了培根在《新工具》中大篇幅运用培根式归纳法进行举例论证的热动说，而对这本书中其他的科学研究不甚关注。

Howerver, with our greater dependence of modern science on scientific apparatus and our deeper understanding in scientific research action, the above view is challenged by social construction program, technology criticism, technology phenomenalism and practice of using scientific apparatus.

但是，随着近现代科学研究对于科学仪器的依赖程度不断加强，以及人们对于科学研究活动认识的不断深入，对科学仪器的简单的工具定位受到了来自社会建构纲领、技术批判理论、技术现象学和仪器应用实践的挑战。

The third part inspects the criticism of feminism to androcentric in science, which mainly embodies scientific objectivity and scientific reasoning.

展示女性主义不仅仅局限于对传统科学的批评，或做简单的修正和补充，而是主张变革传统科学研究范式，挑战其整个基础、假设，建构女性主义自己的科学研究范式，真正消除传统科学的男性霸权。

Large Scale Computing has been becoming more and more important in scientific studies and engineering applications with the development of science and technology, and is well recongnized as a significant method as the experimental and theoretical approaches.

随着高科技的飞速发展，大规模科学与工程计算在科学研究和工程应用中的地位越来越重要，被公认为是科学研究中与试验和理论研究方法同等重要的第三种方法。

Cultural studies of scientific knowledge is a new researchmode which is different from its social studies.

科学知识的文化研究是与科学知识的社会研究不同的一种新的科学研究思潮。

In the 90's geoscientists both at home and abroad have applied the modern sophisticated methods and techniques in geoscientific research.

90年代，国内外地学工作者将现代科学的新方法、新技术应用于地球科学研究中，通过深海钻探、高温高压技术与地球物理手段等多种方法综合研究，致使在：地球的核-幔组分；CO2的起源、全球变化及其与成矿的关系；岩石圈的演化与缺氧事件、生物灭绝、海底扩张及成矿的相关性等诸多固体地球科学研究领域，均取得了若干最新的认识和重要进展。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了