科学与技术

On the basis of realizing the innovation of enterprises' management mechanism, adjust and optimize the structure of the cocoon and silk industry's distribution pattern, lead the raw material production and the original processing industry's shifting to the central and western regions from the eastern area according to the plan step by step, realize the silkworm industry's transformation to advantage areas, from disperse to intensify and keep appropriate scale; The combination between the western and eastern areas must have complementary advantages each other, the process ability, fund, technology, market and management in the east, combine with the cheap labor force and ihe abundant resource in the west, will form the industry chain of the close connection, step on the route of division of tabor on the basis of specialization, area overall arrangement, laige-scale production, industrialization management, develop high-quality-cocoon,top-grade-silk, refinement silk fabric, manufacture our country's cocoon and silk industry's key competitiveness together, form the scientific and reasonable, high-efficient and continuate industrial development pattern.

在实现企业经营机制创新的基础上，调整和优化茧丝绸产业布局结构，有计划、有步骤地引导茧丝绸原料生产与原料初加工工业由东部地区向中西部地区转移，实现蚕业生产由一般区域向优势蚕区的转移，由零星分散向适度规模、集约化方向转变；东西部强强联合，优势互补，东部的资金、技术、市场、管理、产后加工能力，与西部丰富的资源和劳动力成本低廉的优势相结合，形成紧密联结的产业链，走专业化分工、区域化布局、规模化生产、产业化经营、发展优质茧、高档丝、精品绸的路子，共同打造我国茧丝绸产业的核心竞争力，逐步形成科学合理、高效、可持续发展的产业格局。

It suggests a construction safety production pre-alarm management technique to solve the problem of unsuitability between construction safety and construction industry development.

针对建筑企业安全生产不适于建筑发展现状的问题，提出建筑安全生产预警管理的要求，建立AHP分析模型，将预警管理技术应用于建筑安全生产管理中，全面了解与把握建筑生产所处的安全状态及发展趋势，及时诊断与发现建筑生产中潜在的和显现的各类安全隐患，制定合理、科学的预防、预控对策。

The virtual electronics laboratory, based on virtual prototype and computer network, is an advanced idea of research, experiment, development, and design. The VEL is the third scientific research and engineering design way in addition to theory and experiment.

引言 虚拟实验室是一种特别的、分布式的解决问题的环境，是提供给用户的一个基于网络的技术交流、共同研究、协同工作的平台，是一种基于计算机虚拟原型系统的全新的科学研究与工程设计方法，是除理论与实物实验之外的第三种研究设计手段和形式。

In the past century, the world witnessed more and more challenges and crises of morality, society, culture, etc. as well as a great development of science and technology. Therefore, it is high time that we equip children and young people through education with the capacity to lead meaningful and productive lives in a world of bewilderingly rapid and complex change.

在过去的一个世纪里，科学技术的空前发展给人类带来了巨大的财富与希望，也给人们带来了重大的道德、社会、法律和文化的挑战与危机，例如，人类的生命，甚至是生命本身的概念，如今正面临着生物科学的发展以及生化和基因技术发展的挑战。

Scholars should improve themselves with morality, be worthy of the name of teacher and be honest to write articles and do things. Strict disciplines should be made to protect knowledge property rights and respect others' labor and rights. The system should be set up and perfect about research, valuation and distinguishing, valuing, making known and prising the result. The ways to evaluate qualifications should be reformed and it should be strict to publish articles. The force of news madia to monitor, lead and expose should be strengthened.

学者要以德修身、为人师表，诚实撰文、守信处事；要建章立制、严明法度，树立法制观念，保护知识产权，尊重他人的劳动和权益；建立和完善科学规范的学术研究体制、学术评审制度及科研成果甄别、评价、公示与奖励机制；改革专业技术职务评聘制度和方法，严把学术论文发表关和学术专著出版关；加大新闻舆论媒体的监督、导向与揭露力度。

The blots were probed with anti-Cdx-2, anti-JNK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, California), anti-ERK, anti-phospho -ERK, antip38MAPK,anti-p-p38MAPK, anti-p-JNK (Cell Signaling, Beverly, Massachusetts) and anti-actin (Amersham Life Sciences,Piscataway, New Jersey) antibodies, and then incubated with appropriate species specific secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase.

Blots分别与抗CDX-2抗体，抗JNK抗体（圣克鲁斯生物技术，圣克鲁斯，加州），抗ERK抗体，抗phospho -ERK抗体，抗p38MAPK抗体，抗p-p38MAPK抗体，抗p-JNK抗体（Cell Signaling， Beverly，美国马萨诸塞州）和抗actin抗体（ Amersham生命科学，皮斯卡塔韦，新泽西州）作用，然后在与辣根过氧化物酶标记的第二抗体孵育。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

It\'s a result from the progress and intersection of traditional sensing technology and other information technologies, and is charactered by the high accuracy, high speed, integration and smartness in the process of information acquisition.

信息获取是信息科学的重要分支，是传统传感技术与其他多学科的发展与交叉融合的产物，表现为信息获取的高精度、高速度、集成化、智能化等特性。

Inter keeps the advanced technology, scientific management and modernistic working spirits syncretized effectually with the fact of the time in China. Also in the aspect of quality and service, Inter comply with international standard, in behalf of customer, provide many value-add service in the way of saving resource and protecting environment.

英特工业水处理公司坚持把当代的先进技术、科学管理和现代经营理念与中国实际有机融合，在产品质量和服务体系方面严格遵守国际化标准，在水处理领域实现客户的利益和梦想，为客户的节省资源与环境保护提供增值服务。

But at present the forests that can be cut down are fewer, so that the forestry industries are very difficult, and the situation has been very hard for the economic activities for the people there and the sustainable development of the city. Under such background, this paper does research on the problem of the sustainable development in the forestry resource-based city, find the relationship between the cut of the forest and economic development, and the problems in the economic develop process and the reasons of the declining. Then I construct the dynamic model of the sustainable development in economic in Yichun, in order to find the reciprocities among the population, resource and economics to provide more scientific data to the deciders. From the model, we can get the sustainable mode in the forestry resource-based cities.

本文就是在这种背景下，研究林业资源型城市的经济可持续发展问题，探讨林业资源开发与经济可持续发展的耦合关系，以及林业资源型城市经济发展存在的问题及经济衰退原因，并通过建立伊春市发展的系统动力学模型，进而揭示出城市发展过程中，人口、资源、经济之间的相互作用关系，为决策者做出正确的决策提供更加科学准确的技术支持，试图找出林业资源型城市可持续发展的系统优化模式，同时，把系统动力学方法引入林业资源型城市经济可持续发展研究领域，为解决相关问题探索一种新的方法与思路。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。