科学

The first part mainly introduces the definition, construction and appraisal of scientific theories. The second part analyzes the process of construction of neorealism. The third part, in static perspective, displays falsifiablilty, parsimony and logical coherence of neorealism that is the logical standard with which scientific theories must accord.

第一部分，从科学方法论的角度，总体介绍科学理论的概念、建构和评价；第二部分，解读新现实主义科学理论的建构过程；第三部分，从静态的角度考察新现实主义理论的"可证伪性"、"简约性"和"逻辑一致性"，上述三大特点是科学理论必须具备的逻辑标准。

After 1980s, by absorbing plenty of advanced education theory, domestic nursling field changed the common sense education into science education and established the goal of nursling scientific education, it includes three levels: scientific knowledge and experience science method and technology, passion and attitude with the coming of advanced science and technology time, observing the tendency of international nursling science education.

目前，大多数教师的科学意识、科学知识、科学的能力方法存在着很大的差距，己经成为制约郑州市乃至全国幼儿科学教育的重要因素，需要通过行之有效的机制和手段，尽快建立一支高素质的教师队伍。

Objectivist regarded science as a description of nature.

本文首先概括介绍诺尔-塞蒂纳的建构论的哲学任务，然后分析建构性科学观的具体表现即科学实验之建构和科学论文之建构，最后评价诺尔-塞蒂纳的建构性科学观。

So he advocated science and democracy,regarding science as an ideal form of knowledge,using it as the weapon to fight agaist obscurantism.

因此他高举科学与民主的旗帜，他把科学视为理想的知识形态，把科学当作反对蒙昧主义的锐利武器，主张以科学改造中国社会。

At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacon\'s Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.

所以本文在这一部分中深入探讨了培根的基本科学研究、具体科学见解和在科学研究中存在的局限性；最后，本文欲对《新工具》中的哲学和科学思想进行评论，较深入地梳理培根对前人的继承和批判、对后世的影响和对今天的启示。

At the same time, the limitations in researches are also argued. In the last part, the philosophical and scientific standpoints of Bacons Novum Organum are evaluated. And, it is concluded that Bacon succeeds and criticized predecessors. Moreover, his thoughts influenced the modes of thinking of later generations.

所以本文在这一部分中深入探讨了培根的基本科学研究、具体科学见解和在科学研究中存在的局限性；最后，本文欲对《新工具》中的哲学和科学思想进行评论，较深入地梳理培根对前人的继承和批判、对后世的影响和对今天的启示。

Science Exchange, as one of the main components in science communication, is defined as the integration of processes that can transfer and obtain knowledge and experience by means of the semiotic systems such as spoken languages, signs, orthography among persons and organizations.

科学交流是个体或组织之间借助于他们共同的符号系统传递、获取经验和知识的过程。科学交流是科学传播的一个重要组成部分，是科学赖以存在和发展的基本机制。

Comprehensive resource science can be furtherdivided into seven subdisciplines,similarly,departmentalresource science can be further divided intonine subdisciplines;as the pandect and application in specific area of resource science,academic resource science and regional resource science can be further divided respectively.A 3d-network system model of the discipline development on resource sciences is put forward.

资源科学的学科体系与分支学科主要包括理论资源学、综合资源学、部门资源学与区域资源学，其中，综合资源学可以续分为7个资源学科，部门资源学可以续分为9个资源学科；理论资源学作为资源科学通论，区域资源学作为资源科学在具体区域的实际应用，都可做出进一步续分；由此提出了资源科学学科体系发展的三维结构网络模式。

Howerver, with our greater dependence of modern science on scientific apparatus and our deeper understanding in scientific research action, the above view is challenged by social construction program, technology criticism, technology phenomenalism and practice of using scientific apparatus.

但是，随着近现代科学研究对于科学仪器的依赖程度不断加强，以及人们对于科学研究活动认识的不断深入，对科学仪器的简单的工具定位受到了来自社会建构纲领、技术批判理论、技术现象学和仪器应用实践的挑战。

If it lacks of religious disposition, the philosophy extremely will tend to be the positivist science.

这部分从了解科学的涵义入手，然后从科学的"范式"推及科学的"理念"，继续探讨科学与理念的联系

No clear conclusions can be made about the predictie alidity of specific measures, they found, except for criteria for the underuse of drugs for cardioascular disease.

除了心血管病不合理用药标准外，对于特定评价方法的预测效度没有明确的结论。

The third and last is that almost all of them, being infinite in number, have been impostures, and by idle and crafty brains merely contrived and feigned after the event past.

第三、即最后一点是：几乎所有这些不胜枚举的预言都是欺人之谈，都是在事件过后由无聊而狡猾的脑筋推测与凭空捏造的。