科学

But scienceneither simply opposes against metaphysics nor simply merges with it, their relationship is complex: they are interdependent, interpenetrated, mutually conditional, mutually conductive, and work in coordination, at the same time, they are mutually exclusive, and hold each other back. Besides these harmful influence and positive contribution, therere more other interactions in varied dimensions, which are determined by specific scientific theory and specific metaphysical one.

本文认为，形而上学是科学之所以可能的一个主体条件，同时又是科学发展的一个限制性条件，但是，科学和形而上学之间既不是简单的融合也不是简单的对立，它们的关系具有复杂性：科学和形而上学既相互渗透又互相反对，既相互制约又相互诱导，其作用方式和作用效果又是多重的、有差别的、复杂的，这既取决于具体的科学理论又取决于具体的形而上学学说。

In this paper, I analyze misconducts occurring in the national natural science fund as well as its cause and effect on science funding work, and explore the representation and characteristics of issues concerning scientific intergrity and academic style.

本文分析了国家自然科学基金工作中出现的不端行为及其成因，探讨科学基金中发生的科学道德和学风问题的表现形式及其特征，评价科学不端行为对科学基金工作的影响，研究提出加强科学道德和学风建设、改进科技政策、优化我国科技发展环境的政策建议。

The process of objectifying of the mathematical project in nature just is the process for taking hold of the concept of the way of Being of the entity, and is also the process for developing the construct of concept of the way of Being of the entity.

因此数学因素必然是科学的前结构。科学是前科学活动经过某种根本变化之后而演化和变式而出来的。从前科学活动演化到科学活动存在着一个转折过程。

Somatic science is the science of man in cosmic environment;in the languege of systems science,the human body is considered to be an open complex giant system embeded in the supergiant system of comic sorld;here "open"is referred to the human body environment,"giant"means the number of the constituting members of the system runs to billions and billons,"complex"means the kinds of the constituting members are also numerous and the interactions among the members are of great variety,Somatic science thus departs in basic viewpoint from the classical reductionist physiology.

易经》对中华文明史的影响人体科学的基本学说是我国著名科学家钱学森同志提出的，全文[1]如下：人体科学是宇宙环境中的人类科学，用系统科学的话来讲，人体被认为是包涵在宇宙这个超巨系统中的开放复杂巨系统。这&开放&是对人体环境而言，&巨&意味着构成系统的成员的数目多达数十亿，&复杂&的意思是指组成成员的种类也是非常多的，而成员之间的相互作用又是多种多样的。因此人体科学的基本观点就这样与经典的、还原论指导下的生理学的基本观点不同。

Based on the analysis of the thoughts on inquiry-based science education in the primary school and animadvert on some ex parte ideas, we attempt to endow inquiry-based science learning with a new connotation at the height of teaching thinking. Inquiry-based science learning is an opening system which can absorb all kinds of advanced teaching methods. Based on the knowledge, it is a fully independent and efficient activity in science learning under the supervision of teachers, mainly contains the scientific issues with the children's interests, the value of science and ability trai

本文通过对小学科学教育中探究性学习思想的分析和对一些片面观念的批判，试图从教学思想的角度给探究性学习以新的内涵，指出探究性学习是一个能融合各种教学方式的开放系统，它以知识为载体，以具有儿童情趣的和既有科学价值与能力训练价值、又有社会价值的科学问题为学习的主干内容，以符合儿童科学认识活动规律的教学过程组织形式，在教师的促进下进行的一种充分自主而有效的科学学习活动。

Based on analysis of different names and definitionsof anthropology of science in China, and brief review of thedevelopment of this discipline, the definition by author wassuggested. In this definition, the reasons forwhy using the name anthropology of science, and why takingunderstanding of the concept of "science" in the broadest sense,were also given and explained.

在分析讨论国内对于科学人类学不同的定义、不同的称谓的前提下，基于对国际上科学人类学发展最为概要的回顾，提出了作者本人对于科学人类学的定义，也解释说明了采用&科学人类学&这一名称的理由，以及需要在这一名称中对科学一词采取最广义的理解的理由。

In the end, we summarize the thought features of post-experientialism philosophy of social science, and conclude the main object, which include breaking the unity of science of positivism, the wholism of science method, and overturn the authority of science. In fact, the post-experientialists look the science as society, history, culture, system, organization, and they are in the same position.

最后对后经验主义社会科学哲学的思想特征作出了总结，分析了其主要目标就是要打破实证主义的科学统一观、科学方法的整体论观念，推翻自然科学具有权威性和普遍有效的解释与预测功能等信仰，事实上也就是要祛除实证主义的科学神化观，转而将科学的理性和逻辑，看作与科学的社会、历史、文化、制度、组织等外在因素具有同等的地位。

According to science of Yo of complete state religion the program heads group office " teach science about whole nation of make known to lower levels " 915 " the announcement of program task "(teach division program to handle case [2008]003 date), by prexy Professor Cheng Jianlong, doctor is chaired those who declare " the demonstration of managerial mode of school of traffic high post studies " education of classics whole nation plans scientificly to lead series of group course program to evaluate, science of Yo of complete state religion plans to lead a group to approve, education of the whole nation that be labelled is scientific " 915 " 2008 year of program plan task.

概要： 根据全国教育科学规划领导小组办公室《有关下达全国教育科学&十一五&规划课题的通知》(教科规划办函[2008]003号)，由学院院长盛建龙教授、博士主持申报的《交通高职院校办学模式的实证探究》经全国教育科学规划领导小组学科规划组评审，全国教育科学规划领导小组批准，被列为全国教育科学&十一五&规划2008年度规划课题。

Although it also concerns very much human beings, it looks upon science just as a kind of tool, and emphasizes significance and value of science for the material life of human beings from the angle of tool, but does not think that science even more is a kind of culture, thus possesses very important significance for the cultural life of human beings and the development of human beings themselves, and then, humanistic significance and humanistic value of science have also greatly been ignored.

尽管功利主义的科学观也十分关注人，但是，它将科学仅仅看作是一种工具，并从工具的角度来强调科学对于人的物质生活的意义和价值，而看不到科学更是一种文化，因而对于人的精神生活和人的自身发展同样具有十分重要的意义和价值，于是，也大大忽视了科学的人文意义和人文价值。

Because of the urgent needs felt by the practice and reform of science education as well as the contemporary developments of history, philosophy, and sociology of science and cognitive psychology, science education as a new discipline has gained momentum in its development in terms of infrastructure and theory-building and thus become a burgeoning field of study in educational sciences since the advent of the 1980s.

由于科学教育实践和改革的需要，也由于当代科学哲学、科学史、科学社会学和认知心理学等相关学科的发展，80年代以来科学教育学这门跨学科的新学科在制度和理论层面上都获得了空前的发展，在国际上已成为教育科学中一门显学。

No clear conclusions can be made about the predictie alidity of specific measures, they found, except for criteria for the underuse of drugs for cardioascular disease.

除了心血管病不合理用药标准外，对于特定评价方法的预测效度没有明确的结论。

The third and last is that almost all of them, being infinite in number, have been impostures, and by idle and crafty brains merely contrived and feigned after the event past.

第三、即最后一点是：几乎所有这些不胜枚举的预言都是欺人之谈，都是在事件过后由无聊而狡猾的脑筋推测与凭空捏造的。