科学

The details d are following:1 Try to development social swimming sport, especially primary school and middle school swimming sport, so as to present wide base for talent selection.2 According to the geographical environments and swimming traditional of Vietnam, the key development area of competitive swimming is the following city , northern part of Vietnam:Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh; mid-part of Vietnam:Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Da Nang, Binh Dinh; southern part of Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh, Long An, Vinh Long, Ben Tre. So it should establish national key swimming center in the above-mentioned city.3 Vietnamese organization concerning swimming sports should attach more attention to and organize specialist, experience coach to develop applied science research, so as to obtain more greater achievement in talent selection and scientific training.4 It is important for Vietnam to concentrate all of swimming specialist to organize national training committee, which is in charge of researching and establishing training program for every age stage, meanwhile it should direct swimming centers to implement this program.5 In order to promote the quality of swimming coach, national sports bureau and under-water sports association must establish'coach hierarchy system'.6 It is essential to improve the quality of sport team management. Currently, we must set up uniform scientific management goal and task, i.e. to improve the management ability of swimming coach.

相应的发展策略为：1努力发展群众性游泳运动，尤其是在儿童少年的各中小学学校的游泳运动，为科学选材提供更广泛的选材基础。2根据越南的地理环境和各地游泳转统在竞技游泳的重点发展地区的布局应该是在越南北部各省市：河内、海防、广宁、太平、南定，越南中部各省市：清华、广平、蚬港、评定，越南南部各省市：胡志明、龙安、永龙、槟蜘上面的各省市设为全国的重点游泳中心3越南游泳各层组织要重视和有计划地结合全国游泳学者、各项体育学者、有经验教练员开展应用科学研究，使得在选材工作和科学训练工作等获得更高的成效。4越南应集中全国的游泳专家、科学家成立国家训练委员会，负责研究和制定出各年龄组的科学训练大纲，同时指导全国各游泳中心统一使用。5为了能促进教练员更快的提高本身素质，国家体委和水平运动协会尽快制定&教练员等级&制度。6增强、提高运动员队的管理工作质量、目前要立即制定统一的科学管里目标和对教练员明确管理任务既提高教练员的管理能力。

In scientific selection of dewatering plans during the excavation of a deep foundation pit, the muti objective fuzzy decision making method is used, which comprehensively considers various indexes such as technique, economy, construction and operation. The fuzzy decision making model of scientific selection under the condition of complex geologic and boundary conditions is established, and the weights of quantitative and qualitative objectives are analysed, and the scientific decision result from synthesizing four factors is obtained.

针对多种深基坑降水方案的科学选择问题，采用综合考虑技术指标、经济指标、施工指标和运行指标的多目标决策方法，对复杂的地层与边界条件下多基坑降水方案的科学选择建立了模糊决策模型，分析了定量和定性目标各指标间的重要性权重，得到了综合各因素的科学方案决策成果，为工程建设的降水方案优选决策提供了科学依据。

And in the "system" part, based on the historical tracing and critique, he sublated the classical science represented by Herbart and Spencer; uniting the a...

而在体系部分，他在历史追溯与批判的基础上，扬弃以赫尔巴特、斯宾塞等人为代表的古典教育科学，结合当时人类学与实验心理学的成就，在生命哲学与精神科学整体的基本立场的观照下，建立了较为严整的教育学的科学体系，促成了现代形态的教育科学的诞生。

It looks upon science just as a kind of tool, and emphasizes the significance and value of science for the material life of human beings from the angle of tool, but does not think that science even more is a kind of culture, thus possesses very important significance for the cultural life of human beings and the development of human beings themselves, and then, the humanistic significance and humanistic value of science has also greatly been ignored.

它将科学仅仅看作是一种工具，并从工具的角度来强调科学对于人的物质生活的意义和价值，而看不到科学更是一种文化，因而对于人的精神生活和人的自身发展同样具有十分重要的意义和价值，于是，也大大忽视了科学的人文意义和人文价值。

In discussing the "paradigmatic period,"(since 1980) the author addresses the four necessary conditions for formalizing a paradigm:(1)the common community of researchers of science education must be founded;(2)the academic journal for exchanging findings of research must be set up;(3)those who conduct researches in the field must be conscious of and make efforts to the theory-building; and (4)disciplines relevant to science education are to provide it with theoretical resources for its development.

在论述科学教育学&范式&确立时期(1980年以后)时，笔者阐述了科学教育学范式的建立必须具备的四个条件：(1)必须形成科学教育研究的共同体；(2)必须创办本学科的学术期刊，供研究人员交流研究成果；(3)必须对学科自身的理论建设有自主意识和自觉的努力；(4)必须有相关的理论学科和其他相邻的学科为科学教育学的发展提供理论资源。

If the experience of scientists is to create their own science and scientific theories of the United States and the United States and implication, it does not specifically engaged in scientific activities, in their daily lives is felt more physical and chemical forms of scientific facilities and scientific products in the United States, for example, a pleasure to look at a variety of chemical laboratory equipment, modern神怡Observatory is the observation apparatus, the rocket launch site powered grand momentum and so on.

科学美是否存在，可能会有人产生疑问。正象在是否存在艺术美的问题上艺术家最有发言权一样，在是否存在科学美的问题上科学家也最有发言权。很多著名科学家都在各自的科学实践活动中感受、体验和发现科学美的存在。古希腊欧几里德的《几何原本》被誉为&科学史上的艺术品&，少年时代的爱因斯坦和罗素都曾将它作为神奇的艺术品来阅读欣赏[1]。

The purpose of the present research is to teach students science writing by using the concept mapping strategy in order to improve their interrelating of scientific concepts, the quality of their science writing, the effectiveness of their science learning, and to investigate the relations between the three.

中文摘要本研究的主要目的是以概念构图策略指导学生科学写作，以提升学生科学概念联结、科学写作品质及科学学习成效。

May 4 Movement novels contain the spirit of scientific rationality, creative way of thinking and concepts of modern science. Science fictions have changed not only the external form of the novels, but also the traditional concept of practical literature with a "science" cloak and re-embarked on a novel creation of the modem stage of history.

五四&小说所呈现的科学理性精神、思想方法以及创作观念与西方近代科学有着密切的关联，科学不仅改变了&五四&小说的外部形态，也使得传统的实用文学观披上&科学的外衣，重新走上了现代小说创作的历史舞台。

This paper has emphasized to inquiry into the following problems:(1)To look back the background of science education profession development, including the background and causation of science curriculum,and the history and actuality of teacher education in developed countries,and the influence to science education profession.And look back the general situation of science education profession development in our country.

本文着重探讨了以下几个问题：(1)论文回顾了科学教育专业产生的背景，包括科学课程的产生的背景和原因，以及以美国为首的发达国家师范教育改革的现状对科学教育专业的影响，和我国科学教育专业发展的概况和现状。

But, now that we no longer have at our disposal any already-given science as an example of radically genuine science (after all, we are not accepting any given science), what about the indubitability of that idea itself, the idea namely of a science that shall be grounded absolutely?

但是，既然我们决定不再把任何已经给定的科学作为彻底真正科学的例子（我们不接受任何给定的科学），那么，这理念本身——这理念说的是一门将被绝对奠基的科学——的不可置疑性又如何呢？

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。