科学

Quantum mechanics breaks though the mechanical determinism in classical science, transforming it into nonmechanical determinism; it changes scientific cognitive process from the theory of reductionism to the theory of wholism; it shifts the way of thinking from pursuing simplicity to exploring the complexity; it also establishes the interaction between subject and object in scientific researches.

量子力学突破了经典科学的机械决定论，使之转化为非机械决定论；使得科学认识方法由还原论转化为整体论；使得科学思维方式由追求简单性到探索复杂性；确立了科学活动中主客体互动关系。

This kind of support,like all government support,requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds.decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward.but a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult.the goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting"good"as opposed to"bad"science,but a valid determination is difficult to make.generally,the idea of good science tends to BEC ome confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.

此种资助也与所有政府资助一样，需要决定合适的投资对象。根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的。但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就特别困难。资助机构的目标是支持&好&的科学，而不资助&坏&的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。

This kind of support,like all government support,requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds.decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward.but a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult.the goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supportinggoodas opposed tobadscience,but a valid determination is difficult to make.generally,the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.

此种资助也与所有政府资助一样，需要决定合适的投资对象。根据某一项目是否有效来做出决策是明确无误的。但是在几个都没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就特别困难。资助机构的目标是支持好的科学，而不资助坏的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。人们往往将好科学与该科学是否有能力提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。

To fulfil the"setting up market regulations"function, the government usually applies legal means, administrative means and preceptoral means; to fulfil the"adjusting distribution of incomes"function, the government mainly employs legal means and economic means, while occasionally uses political means and administrative means when necessary; to fulfil the "maintaining macro economic stability"function, the government mainly makes use of economic means and administrative means though legal means also can not be ignored; when the"coordinating external economic relations"function is carried out, the role of political means is very prominent, the effect of administrative means is very outstanding while the ability of economic means is relatively limited.

其意义主要表现在：（1）严格科学的绩效评估能够造就高效的政府，高效的政府才更与市场经济相合；（2）严格科学的绩效评估能够将控制政府行为过程的权力客观化，从而有利于提高政府工作的效率；（3）严格科学的绩效评估能够预先设定政府管理经济行为的方向，从而有利于保证政府政策制定的科学性；（4）严格科学的绩效评估体系能够不断纠正政府经济职能执行过程中的偏差，从而有利于保证政策实施过程的正确性。

First, it gives a retrospective study of the demarcation problems in philosophy of science and explains how under different criteria of science/pseudoscience Feng-shui activities may be regarded as scientific or pseudoscientific.

其次，论文引入科学实践哲学和科学知识社会学的新视角，试图在科学知识社会学的案例研究的自然主义描述方式、微观的发生学进路和科学哲学对实践和语境重视的背景下对风水进行一次再考察。

The distinguishable evolutions of Lysenko pseudoscientific case in China and USSR implied the complex relationships, which were incarnated by the restrictions of the political cultures to the scientific developments, by the penetrations of national cultures into the scientific developments and by the promotions of humanistic cultures to the scientific developments, between sciences and cultures.

李森科伪科学事件在苏联和中国的不同历程，表明科学与文化存在着极为复杂的关系，其表现主要为政治文化对科学发展的制约作用、民族文化对科学发展的渗透作用、人文文化对科学发展的促进作用。

A specific modest naturalism was not presented, but, instead, four criteria for evaluating a modest naturalism were set forth. The first two criteria stated that any modest naturalism or First Philosophy must be fallible and revisable. The third criterion stated that it must provide some extra-scientific perspective from which to evaluate science.

前两条是说任何温和第一哲学都是可错的和可修正的，第三条是说必须提供一条外在于科学的视角来评价科学，而最后一条则是科学必须能够为认识论提供启示，而同时认识论也必须为科学提供启示，而且不能循环。

In order to compare the functions of main olfactory system of mammals and accessory olfactory system and to probe physiologic function of vomeronasal system of human beings in detail, it is necessary to study vomeronasal system further using new methods.

陕西师范大学生命科学学院；陕西师范大学生命科学学院；北京师范大学生命科学学院陕西西安710062北京师范大学生命科学学院；北京100875；陕西西安710062；北京100875

It 's digressed , in the reality, science brings tools to meet people's need , so the status of science has risen to a ultimately high position. Now the worship of science are at almost the same level of Jehovah , no matter what have to conform to science standards .

这说远了，在现实中，因为科学带来了大量人们需要的工具，科学的地位由此上升到一种绝对高的位置，现在人们崇拜科学和原来人们崇拜耶和华差不多了，讲什么都要以科学为标准。

Ok, it's digressed. In the reality, the science brings kinds of tools to meet people's need. So the status of science has risen to an ultimately high position. Now the worship of science are at almost the same level of Jehovah. So no matter what have to conform to the science standard.

这说远了，在现实中，因为科学带来了大量人们需要的工具，科学的地位由此上升到一种绝对高的位置，现在人们崇拜科学和原来人们崇拜耶和华差不多了，讲什么都要以科学为标准。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。