科

The taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars. The taxonomic status and the phylogentic relationships among the five families Catantopidae, Acrididae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae is the main controversy. In order to provide enough proofs for improving the taxonomic system, it is necessary to study the phylogeny of five families of Acridoidea based on molecular markers.

但此分类系统与国外所用的分类系统差别较大，争论的焦点在于斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科的分类地位及其相互关系，因此我们从分子水平上探讨这5科的系统发育关系，为完善蝗总科分类系统提供一些必要的证据。

It mainly observes and records the most of northwestern economical species of PINACEAE、ANACARDIACEAE、ARALIACEAE、MELIACEAE、 SCROPHULARIACEAE、SIMAROUBACEAE、TETRACENTRACEAE etc.(4) the main physical and mechanical property、machining character and usage.

重点观察记载了松科、漆树科、五加科、楝科、玄参科、苦木科及水青树科等科的西北主要经济用材树种；(4)木材主要物理力学性质、加工性质及利用。

Families, 62 genus and 107 species of Pteridophyte resources have been found in Meihuashan mountain, west of Fujian province, which include more than 5 species of resources like Selaginellaceae, Pteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Aspleniaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae and Polypodiaceae and over 4 genus of plants like Selaginella, Plagiogyria, Pteris, Asplenium, Cyclosorus and Arachniodes as well as Cibotium barometz, the second state specially-protected Pteridophyte.

福建省闽西梅花山共有蕨类植物30科62属107种，种数5种以上的科有卷柏科、凤尾蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、铁角蕨科、金星蕨科、鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科；种数4种以上的属有卷柏属、瘤足蕨属、凤尾蕨属、铁角蕨属、毛蕨属、复叶耳蕨属，其中包括国家二级重点保护蕨类金毛狗。

The representative families are Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Selaginellaceae and Aspleniaceae. The main genera are Dryopteris, Selaginella, Asplenium, Arachniodes, Pteris, Allantodia and Plagiogyria. The top families' distribution types are cosmopolitan and pantropic ones, the main genera are pantropical ones, while species distribution type belong to the east Asia type and represents the feature of subtropics transition to warm temperated areatype. As for the order of closeness, the sequence of pteridophytes floristic relations between Songyang and the adjacent regions goes as Southwest China, South China, Central China, Japan, North China, Northwest China and Northeast China. The six upland pteridophytes next to Songyang can be put into the same natural flora because of its closest relationship. But compared with other 11 upland fern flora in China, fern in Songyang is not rich enough. There are 37 species endemic to China in Songyang.

结果表明，松阳蕨类植物共有38科72属161种7变种；优势科为鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科、卷柏科、铁角蕨科，优势属为鳞毛蕨属、卷柏属、铁角蕨属、复叶耳蕨属、凤尾蕨属、短肠蕨属、瘤足蕨属；科的分布以世界分布和泛热带分布为主，属的分布以泛热带分布为最多，种以东亚分布类型为主，特别是中国—日本分布类型最多，表现出亚热带向暖温带过渡的特点；本区与邻近地区蕨类植物区系关系的密切程度由大到小依次为西南、华南、华中、日本、华北、西北、东北；与邻近的6个山地蕨类植物区系的亲缘关系密切，可以划为同一自然区；与国内11山地蕨类植物区系相比，松阳的蕨类植物丰富程度不高；松阳拥有37种中国特有蕨类植物及一些珍稀蕨类植物，有较高的保护价值。

A total of 19,781 insect individuals belonging to 959 morphospecies, 145 families and 15 orders were collected. The most abundant orders were Diptera (69.68%), Homoptera (11.19%) and Hymenoptera (10.10%). At the family level, Chironomidae (17.67%), Mycetophilidae (12.32%), Cicadellidae (8.32%), Ceratopogonidae (7.56%), Sciaridae (7.39%) and Cecidomyiidae (5.81%) were the most abundant taxa. Although there were little differences in similarity among the three sampling plots, the dominant orders and families in theses plots differed. The meadow had the highest diversity while the spruce forest had the lowest diversity.

结果：三样区共采集到19，781只昆虫，分属15目、145科、959个形态种；各目的组成百分比，以双翅目(69.68%)、同翅目(11.19%)及膜翅目(10.10%)最为优势；在科的类阶，则是以摇蚊科(17.67%)、蕈蚋科(12.32%)、叶蝉科(8.32%)、糠蚊科(7.56%)、黑翅蕈蚋科(7.39%)及瘿蚋科(5.81%)为优势类群；三个样区的相似度差异不大，但是优势类群则不相同；无论丰度、均匀度及多样性指标，箭竹草原样区均高过於云杉林样区及铁杉林样区。

The"lower"Hamamelidae traditionally consists of seven families, namely Eupteleaceae, Trochodendraceae, Tetracentraceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Myrothamnaceae. Platanaceae and Hamamelidaceae.

传统的低等金缕梅类包含7个科，即领春木科、昆栏树科、水青树科、连香树科、折扇叶科、悬铃木科和金缕梅科。

An order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants ; see Euphorbiaceae

蔷薇亚纲植物的一目，包含天竺葵和许多其它植物；大戟科；牻牛儿苗科；芸香科；金虚尾科；苦木科；楝科；蒺藜科；旱金莲科。

An order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae.

蔷薇亚纲植物的一目，包含天竺葵和许多其它植物；大戟科；牻牛儿苗科；芸香科；金虚尾科；苦木科；楝科；蒺藜科；旱金莲科。

An order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae.

蔷薇亚纲植物的一目，包含天竺葵和许多其它植物；大戟科；牻牛儿苗科；芸香科；金虚尾科；苦木科；楝科；蒺藜科；旱金莲科。小女儿小女儿小女儿。

The echolocation signals of Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae are both long CF-FM with 1 harmonic and narrow FM bandwidth. But Rhinolophidae has longer duration, higher duty cycle and lower dominant frequency than Hipposideridae. All the echolocation signals of Vespertilionidae are short FM with 2-6 harmonics and wide FM bandwidth. Vespertilionidae has shorter duration and lower duty cycle than the other two families. There are obvious differences in dominant frequency between different species in this family.

菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科回声定位信号均为长CF-FM型，一般具有1个谐波，调频带很窄，但菊头蝠科的持续时间和能率环明显高于蹄蝠科，蹄蝠科能量最大处频率高于菊头蝠科；蝙蝠科回声定位信号均为短FM型，具有2～6个谐波，持续时间和能率环比其他两科低，调频带很宽，能量最大处频率在种间变化较大。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。