种质遗传

Discussions are given of the fate of Ms2 during translocation in the hexoploid triticale, the exchange of the names for 4A and 4B chromosomes in common wheat and the possible expoitation of the new locus Ms2 (4BS), and the following speculations are made: In geneic genes of allopolyploid organisms the donor chromosomes tend to be intergenomically translocated to their phylogically and evolutionarily close chromosomes with the same order number and the same arm; it is cofirmed that the 7th International Conference of Wheat Genetics was right to exchange the names between chromosomes 4A and 4B of common wheat in 1988; and as a new genetic marker and a breeding tool for all the chromosome B-carrying species in the tribe of Tritceae, Ms2 (4BS) may have wide application in building and expanding the gene pool of germplasm resources of various species of wheat.

对 Ms2基因在六倍体小黑麦与原太谷核不育小麦远缘杂交中易位时的走向，普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名以及 Ms2(4BS)新位点的开发利用进行了讨论：认为异源多倍体生物核基因的组间易位倾向于从供体染色体向进化亲缘关系较密切，且染色体序数与染色体臂相同的部分同源染色体易位；1988年第7届国际小麦遗传学会对普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名是正确的； Ms2(4BS)作为一个新型的遗传标记，作为小麦族内所有携带B染色体组的物种的育种工具和在拓建各类小麦种质资源的基因库等方面均有广泛的用途。

National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室，南京农业大学细胞遗传研究所，南京 210095

Variation existing between accessions from dooryard and from germplasm repositories manisfested that there still exists quite a lot genetic diversity out of germplsam repositories.

野外收集的枳资源与从各资源圃收集的资源包含的遗传变异有较大的差异，表明种质圃外资源还包含较丰富的遗传多样性。

Although the conservative termed secondary homothallism inherit mode and absence of wild resources, the commercial strains encompass extremely limited genetic variation, in this paper we revealed some variations of phenotypic and genorypic characteristics among the tested strains in mycelium growth rate, field performance, esterase isozyme, soluble protein and AFLP fmgerprint.

双孢蘑菇由于自身保守的次级同宗配合遗传方式以及长期野生种质资源的匮乏，造成现有栽培菌株之间相似性程度较高，尽管这样，本试验采用不同方法，从菌丝生长速度、农艺性状、蛋白质以及基因组各方面系统地反映了双孢蘑菇主要商业栽培菌株间的表型及遗传差异性，为双孢蘑菇种内杂交育种提供了科学依据。

This paper deals with the photosynthetic ability of the leafy germplasm and major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model is applied to the genetic analysis of the leafy trait.

本研究着重研究了该种质的光合性能、利用前景，并运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析了多叶性状的遗传规律。

The faintest color of the bud color is yellow green. In addition, the variation-coefficient of some morphological traits is very low such as the cotyledon length, the cotyledon width, the cotyledon color, the silique length and so on. The Cluster analysis was based on the morphological data. When the genetic distance was 7.61, 21 accessions were clustered into 4 groups. The accessions of the group 1 had white petal, mezzo flower stalk and the earlier pick period, which is divided into two subgroup when the genetic distance was 5. 98. And the model was Ba39 and Ba35. The accessions in the group 2 had the very slender flower stalk and the middle pick period, that model was Ba27. The accessions of the group 3 had yellow petal, the thin flower stalk and the later pick period, that model was Ba43. The main characters of the group 4 were that it had the latest pick period and many leaves.

基于形态性状的聚类分析，在遗传距离7.61处，把21份芥蓝种质划分为4类，其中类群G1包括14份材料，其植株的生长势中等，株型较为一致，花瓣颜色均为白色，花薹粗细较为适中，平口时期较早，在遗传距离5.98处自然形成2个亚类，分别以Ba39和Ba35为代表；类群G2包括2份材料，即Ba27、Ba33，其植株的生长势较弱，花薹很细，平口时期相对居中，代表材料为Ba27；类群G3包括4份材料，即Ba05、Ba09、Ba38、Ba43，其植株的生长势较弱，子叶颜色、叶柄颜色、花茎颜色、花蕾颜色均为黄绿色，花瓣颜色为黄色，花薹较细，平口时期较晚，代表材料为Ba43；类群G4包括1份材料，即Ba41，其植株的生长势较强，平口时期很晚，并且叶片数很多。

The experiment was conducted to analyze and evaluate the agronomic trait of germplasm resources and genetic diversity of hardein from 50 barleys by 8 agronomic trait and acidic poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis.

为给新疆大麦种质资源的开发利用和今后新疆大麦高产优质新品种的选育提供依据，根据大麦的8个农艺性状表现，采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对国内外50份大麦种质资源的农艺性状和醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性进行了分析评价。

Genetic variation in demes appeared 8 times higher than among demes. The paper also gave a few methods such as dendrogram, statistic, frequency of markers, polymorphic bands and special loci, genetic variations within and among demes for conservation and utility, molecular checking indexes for cultivars can provide basic information for protection of intellectual property rights and selection of wanted cultivars.

通过多态带和特殊带提出了桃核心种质，并利用聚类法、统计法、标记频率法、多态带数和特殊位点法、类群间和类群内的遗传差异法提出了种质保存策略；以及品种识别分子检索表的建立，为知识产权保护和正确选择品种提供了第一手资料。

The results showed S curve for effects of NaCl stress on germination of watermelon seed, the middle point between two inflexions of the curve was at 120mmol/L and could be used as referenced screening concentration to study 'ZQK0395' salt tolerance genetics, the second curve inflexion was at 180mmol/L and could be used as referenced concentration for 'ZQK0395' salt-tolerant germplasm selection.

结果表明，NaCl胁迫对种子发芽的影响呈S型变化曲线，120mmol/L为S型曲线两个拐点中间值，可作为该种质资源耐盐性遗传研究的参考鉴定浓度，180mmol/L为S型曲线的第二个拐点，可作为该种质资源耐盐性参考筛选浓度。

In the major progenitors in wheat breeding, the landraces showed distinct genetic difference.

2在我国小麦骨干亲本中，来自我国的地方品种与国外种质及包含国外种质的育成品种，具有明显的遗传差异。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。