种质的

Discussions are given of the fate of Ms2 during translocation in the hexoploid triticale, the exchange of the names for 4A and 4B chromosomes in common wheat and the possible expoitation of the new locus Ms2 (4BS), and the following speculations are made: In geneic genes of allopolyploid organisms the donor chromosomes tend to be intergenomically translocated to their phylogically and evolutionarily close chromosomes with the same order number and the same arm; it is cofirmed that the 7th International Conference of Wheat Genetics was right to exchange the names between chromosomes 4A and 4B of common wheat in 1988; and as a new genetic marker and a breeding tool for all the chromosome B-carrying species in the tribe of Tritceae, Ms2 (4BS) may have wide application in building and expanding the gene pool of germplasm resources of various species of wheat.

对 Ms2基因在六倍体小黑麦与原太谷核不育小麦远缘杂交中易位时的走向，普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名以及 Ms2(4BS)新位点的开发利用进行了讨论：认为异源多倍体生物核基因的组间易位倾向于从供体染色体向进化亲缘关系较密切，且染色体序数与染色体臂相同的部分同源染色体易位；1988年第7届国际小麦遗传学会对普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名是正确的； Ms2(4BS)作为一个新型的遗传标记，作为小麦族内所有携带B染色体组的物种的育种工具和在拓建各类小麦种质资源的基因库等方面均有广泛的用途。

Based on the cloning FeSOD gene of the HZNH, the recombinant prokaryotic expression vector, PQESOa/FeSOD, was constructed and digested with restriction endonuclease BamH I and Pst I to check its construction. The PQE30a/FeSOD was then transformed into E.coli Ml5 and induced with IPTG. The high expression in vitro was obtained and analyzed on SDS-PAGE gel. The*results showed that the target proteins held a 37% portion in whole bacterial proteins and consisted of two parts, the soluble proteins and inclusion bodies. The soluble proteins in the aqueous layer, checked by means of activities of FeSOD enzymes and analyzed by means of activities of isozymogram from PAGE, demonstrated the induced expression proteins had the active nature of FeSOD enzymes.

以克隆的特异种质烟草HZNH的FeSOD基因为基础，构建了原核表达载体PQE30a／FeSOD，经限制性内切酶BamH Ⅰ、Pst Ⅰ双酶切鉴定后，再转化入大肠杆菌M15中，通过IPTG诱导，得到高效体外表达，经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测，表达的目的蛋白占总菌体蛋白的37％，可溶性和包涵体两种形式均有存在，上清中的可溶性蛋白经FeSOD酶活测定和同工酶活性谱带分析，表明诱导表达的上清中的目的蛋白为有活性的FeSOD酶。

In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of water lilies based on morphological and molecular data was performed, showing the phylogenetic relationships among the 10 genera and providing new evidence for classification at family level. The specific and infraspecific relationships within the genus Nymphaea were revealed using the ITS sequences, providing a new approach to germplasm identification and phylogenetic analysis of water lilies. The investigation of invasive fanwort in China may also provide a sound basis of its ecological studies.

总之，本文以国内外长期研究为基础进行了综合定量的形态学与分子序列分析，明确了10个属的系统位置，为科的划分提供了新的依据；通过运用ITS序列研究睡莲属的种及种下单位之间的亲缘关系，为睡莲类植物的种质资源鉴定提供了新的工具；对水盾草进行了初步的调查分析，为今后深入开展其生态学研究打下了良好的基础。

The differentiation coefficient is 0.07 between three inbreed families respectively. The highest level of genetic homozygosity is in families Ⅱ at 18, but genetic variation is a little difference between inbreeding pig and mice. However, this study revealed the pattern of genetic variation at microsatellite loci in the 3 inbred families of WZSP with one of the most important findings to be the high level of unexpected heterozygosity at some loci, e.g. Sw874 and Sw936 that could be part of the unique genetics of three families. A hypothesis is that certain functional genes linked with such microsatellite loci may be involved in the maintenance of viability of these inbred families of WZSP remains for further investigation.

随近交代数的推进，每个星座上等位基因数越来越少，基因的纯合度越来越高，但WZSP近交系微卫星等位基因的纯合度有一定的限度，与近交鼠有所不同；在近交系3个家系各个世代中有少数几个基因座，如Sw874和Sw936等一直处于高度杂合状态，这可能与WZSP近交家系的种质特异性有关，推测与这些基因座处于同一连锁群的某些功能基因在维持极高近交水平下WZSP的基本生存能力中起着关键作用。3个近交群体间的分化系数在0.07以上，已各自成为独立家系；3个家系的近交程度不完全一致，基因的纯合度亦不同，Ⅱ系最高、14个微卫星座中7个纯合，其次为Ⅰ系和Ⅲ系。

It can be concluded from the experiment results that hatchery seed has lower genetic variation and large-scale hatchery seed releasing affects the genetic diversity of the natural population. The shrimp distributed along China coast in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea may consist of more than one populations. The viral disease resistant ability of F. chinensis is proved to be genetically inherited and can be improved by genetic selection.

通过对实验结果的进一步分析认为：中国对虾人工育苗的过程使后代群体的遗传多样性下降，人工培育苗种的大规模放流影响了自然群体的遗传多样性；，分布于我国沿海的中国对虾可能由多个自然群体构成，还存在未被发现的种质资源；中国对虾抗WSSV病毒感染是由遗传决定的，选育可提高中国对虾对WSSV的抗性。

Hill mourning the special and advantageous natural conditions, Ailaoshan become enormous natural biological species of germplasm resources gene pool, Yunnan as animals and plantskingdom of natural museumand specimen garden,is a variety of integrated science experiments, is the ideal many disciplines scientific investigation and research base, is the scientific expedition, adventure, photography, research and returned to the natural forest of choice for this paper, through the Ailaoshan Reptilia from the investigation, Ailaoshan the right Reptilia is a more systematic and well described.

哀劳山特殊而优越的自然条件，使哀牢山成为巨大的天然生物种的种质资源的基因库，成为云南动、植物王国中的天然博物馆和标本园，是多种自然科学的综合实验地，是众多学科的理想的科学考察和研究基地，是开展科考、探险、摄影、科研、回归自然、森林的首选之地，本文通过对哀牢山爬行纲的抽取调查，对哀牢山的爬行纲给出一个较系统的，完善的叙述。

In order to direct the construction of plant germplasms by elucidating the relatives among plants at the level of gene, CYP86MF gene analogues from 11 species of 6 genera in Cuciferae were respectively obtained by PCR strategy using gene specific primers designed from conserved regions of CYP86MF gene reported. Sequence comparisonindicated that the similarities among the genes at nucleotide level were over 80%, and the similarities at amino acid level remained above 70%. The differences between the genes at nucleotide and amino acid level between species were 1.0%~ 5.7% and 2.6%~ 7.3% respectively, while those between genera 5.6%~ 22.5% and 7.3%~ 31.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Brassica was closely related to Raphanus, followed by Rorippa Scop, Arabidopsis Heynh, Capsella Medic orderly, most distantly related to Orychophrogmus.

为了从分子水平阐明十字花科植物间的亲缘进化关系，给植物种质资源的创建提供理论依据，试验根据课题组已报道的CYP86MF基因编码的氨基酸保守区域设计特异引物，运用PCR技术分别从十字花科6个属11个物种中分离克隆到了CYP86MF基因的同源序列，经比较分析，结果表明：这些同源序列的相似性达80%以上，所推导的氨基酸序列相似性达70%以上，且两者种间差异分别为1.0%~ 5.7%和2.6%~ 7.3%，属间差异分别是5.6%~ 22.5%和7.3%~ 31.2%；由氨基酸序列构建的分子系统树可知，在亲缘进化关系上芸薹属与萝卜属较近，其他依次为蔊菜属、拟南芥属、荠菜属，而与诸葛菜属最远。

In this study, genetic analyses were conducted to determine the genetic basis in an elite resistant inbred line Siyi with complete resistance to maize dwarf mosaic. A new genetic model, two dominant complementary genes conditioning the resistance, were found by Mendelian genetic analysis based on parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses in three successive years' field trails. The two genes were further mapped near the centromere of chromosome 3 and 6, respectively by tightly linked microsatellite markers using 242 plants from F2 generation. The resistance gene on chromosome 3 is 1.0 cM apart from the flanking markers phi053 and umc1527, respectively. Whereas the linkage distance between two flanking markers bnlg1600 and phi075 and resistance gene on chromosome 6 was 1.0 and 4.0 cM, respectively. Genotypic analysis of the plants from testcross and F3 populations supported the new genetic manners.

课题组通过连续三年的抗病鉴定，在国内种质资源中筛选出一份综合农艺性状优良、配合力较高的自交系四一，三年的表型遗传研究和两年的分子标记工作，发现四一中的玉米矮花叶病抗性是由两对显性互补基因控制的，进而利用F2作图群体，把发现的两个基因定位在第三和第六染色体的着丝点附近，并获得了双侧紧密连锁的分子标记连锁图谱，其中第三染色体上的分子标记UMC1527和phi053从抗病基因双侧逼近1 cM，而第六染色体上的分子标记phi075、bnlg1600从抗病基因双侧分别逼近4 cM和1 cM；利用B2群体、F2：3家系、BC3F1群体和带有第三、第六染色体抗病基因以及两个抗病基因的近等基因系，进一步证实了四一中成株期抗性是由两个显性互补基因控制的。

Exist manifold types breeding materials in test field, manifest abundant germplasm resource, obviously existent prematurity type and late-maturity type . It is very difference of phenological phase, plant height, laminae area, chlorophyl content, stern diameter, seed production ,colour and shape of inflorescence and spike, yield of grass et al.

试验地引种驯化的猫尾草中存在着多种类型的育种材料，表现出丰富的种质资源，明显的存在着早熟、晚熟两种类型，这2种类型的材料在物候期、株高、叶面积、叶绿素的含量、茎杆直径、结籽性，花序及穗的颜色与形状，产草量等方面存在很大的差别。

Collected some suitable maize CMS-S type 〓 germplasm and selected avector expressing the 〓 gene 〓 was transferred to 〓 and 〓 by backcrossing,fertility Checking and self-pollinating. The genotype of sterile line 〓 was 〓〓. The genotype of restorer line 〓 was 〓. A pair of maize CMS-S〓 near isgenic lines 〓 and 〓 was established firstly in China.

征集了合适的玉米CMS-S型〓种质资源，选择了有效表达〓的载体材料，采用回交转育、育性鉴定和自交纯化，将作者培育的〓优良自交系转育成基因型为〓的不育系〓和基因型为〓的恢复系〓，在国内首次创建了玉米CMS-S的〓近等基因系〓和

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。