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In the first chapter, using fragments of COI gene, we studied the phylogenetic relationships among species of five familes of Acridoidea with MP and Bayesian methods. The results were as follows:(1) Species of Acrididae, Gomphoceridae and all the Arcypterinae species of Arcypteridae are monophyletic. Species of Oedipodidae are supported as a monophyleticgroup, Ceracrinae species of Arcypteridae cluter together to make a monophyletic group. Epistaurus aberrans and Xenocatantops humilis is a phylogenetic group, Stenocatantops splendens and Hieroglyphus banian is also a phylogenetic group.

我们首先利用COI基因序列片段，使用最大简约法、贝叶斯法研究了斑腿蝗科、剑角蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科5个科42种的系统发育关系，得到如下结果：（1）由所有网翅蝗亚科的物种与剑角蝗科绿洲蝗亚科和槌角蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；斑翅蝗科的物种组成一个单系群；网翅蝗科的竹蝗亚科的黄脊雷蓖蝗和青脊竹蝗聚在一起形成单系群；斑腿蝗科的长翅十字蝗和大斑外斑腿蝗亲缘关系较近，形成一个单系群；长角直斑腿蝗和等歧蔗蝗始终聚在一起，形成一个单系群。

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

First, we designed to determine the optimum ultrasound-setting, such as power level and ultrasound frequency, to achieve the optimum number of ruptures in the spinotrapezius muscles by intravital microscopy.

我们设计了应用活体荧光显微镜，测量不同条件超声介导微泡破坏作用后鼠脊斜方肌血管破裂口的数量和荧光脂质体微泡的弥散面积，确定最佳超声发射参数；然后，在慢性鼠脊斜方肌模型上，测量荧光标记蛋白的荧光强度和血管密度，对比两种血管内VEGF基因载体系统经超声介导微泡破坏作用后定向转基因表达的效果。

Based on a localization principle and subband decomposition, monoscale ridgelet and curvelet were proposed, both of which were derived from ridgelet transform and can efficiently deal with smooth images with smooth edges including straight and curve singularity. They, hence, are of better application potention. sparse representation;optimal basis;ridgelet;curvelet;image denoising;non-parametric estimation

单尺度脊波和Curvelet变换由脊波变换发展而来，分别利用了函数局部化和频带剖分的思想，将脊波理论发展到了一个更高的阶段，这两种变换都能"近似最优"的表示直线和曲线奇异，因而具有更好的应用前景。

The releasing pattern of secretory granules or polypeptide hormones of neurohypophysis involves a whole-releasing pattern together with granular membrane. After released into perivascular space, they enter easily into cerebrospinal fluid via interspace of tissue and epithelial openings rather than into blood circulation through the walls of capillaries, and then into the cerebrospinal fluid.

神经垂体多肽激素分泌颗粒的释放形式，存在一种连同颗粒被膜的整体释放；释放入血管周隙内的多肽激素或分泌颗粒，更易经组织间隙、囊上皮孔进入脑脊液，而非直接透过毛细血管壁进入血液循环再进入脑脊液中。

Methods HRCT and MRC were performed in 18 cases with clinically suspected cerebrospinal rhinorrhea.

方法18例怀疑脑脊液鼻漏的患者分别行HRCT和MRC，同时10例成功进行CTC，对照手术结果比较分析3种方法显示脑脊液鼻漏的准确性。

In order to study drag reduction characteristics of riblet surface, two kind of different size's rible surface were manufactured on aluminum alloy using quasi-LIGA molding technology.

为了研究脊状表面的减阻特性，利用准LIGA成形技术在铝合金表面加工了两种不同尺寸的矩形脊状结构。

The mean velocity distributions in turbulent boundary layers of smooth surface and two different riblet surfaces are measured with IFA300 constant-temperature anemometer in low-speed wind tunnel to validate the full development of turbulent boundary laye. Friction velocity and wall friction stress of turbulent boundary layer are obtained with the least-squares fitted curve of the sublayer velocity distribution based on Spalding formula, and virtual origin position of riblet surface can be acquired accurately.

在低速风洞中来流速度一定的情况下使用IFA300恒温热线风速仪测量了光滑表面和两种不同尺寸的脊状表面湍流边界层平均速度分布剖面，并验证了试验段湍流发展的充分性；通过应用Spalding壁面公式使用最小二乘法精准拟合了实验测量的边界层内层速度分布曲线，得到了湍流边界层壁面摩擦速度并进一步求得湍流壁面摩擦应力，较准确地计算出脊状表面的虚拟原点位置，并通过与对数律公式拟合结果比较分析，证实了该方法更加准确有效。

Making use of field matching method,combining with the variational method,the dispersion equation of the ridge loaded ring plane slow wave structure and small signal gain of this type of TWT are presented in this paper.

脊加载环板行波管是一种频带相对较宽的大功率行波管，本文用场匹配和变分原理相结合的方法，研究了脊加载环板慢波结构的导波特性及这种行波管的小信号、大信号特性，讨论了结构的几何尺寸及电子注参量对慢波的传播特性、小信号增益及注波互作用非线性效应的影响。

Burst binding: A form of unsown adhesive binding where the back of the sections do not have to be cut off but are burst ' or punched along the spines thus giving extra adhesion between sheets as well as sections to each other.

破脊胶装：无线胶装的一种。它不用把帖脊切去但沿着脊部把书帖戳破或钻孔，使书帖间、书页间有额外的胶粘。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。