种群比较

The effects of properties of heavy metal contaminated soil around a mine site on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community were investigated.

以沈阳附近重金属矿区自然和农田土壤为研究对象，对土壤重金属含量、植物类型、AMF种群及孢子密度进行了调查，并对污染的农田、荒地土壤进行了比较。

The main achievements of the project are as follows: 1 the hypothesis that a decrease in seed mass causes an increase in mean dispersal distance has been tested based on the experiments of weed dispersal by wind. The experimental results partly support the hypothesis. The results will help farmers to make an optimal strategy of weed control; 2 a statistic method for inferring probabilistic distribution function of a random variable has been developed, by which probabilistic distribution functions of weed species dispersal have been determined; 3 the reproduction structure of Bromus sterilis has been studied; 4 a more complex CA model with 25 neighborhood cells were built, which can simulate spread of a weed population. This work promotes developments in both theory and application of CA models; 5 the "mean law" in weed control has been proposed. Accordingly, the algorism of patch spring may be calibrated; 6 the "patch" and "true patch" have been mathematically defined so that herbicide can be efficiently applied; 7 simulation validates that initial configurations of weed will affect dispersal of its population and strategies of controlling it, or its distribution patterns affect its dispersal progresses.

主要完成的工作和取得的成果有：1）用实验证实了重量较轻的杂草种子并不一定飞得比较重的远，其结果有助于农民制订杂草的优化控制策略；2）发展了一种推断随机变量分布函数的统计方法并用它来获得了几个杂草种的扩散分布函数；3）对杂草Bromus sterilis的繁殖结构进行了研究；4）建立了一个具有25邻的较复杂的能模拟杂草扩散的CA模型，并在理论和应用方面促进了CA模型的发展；5）在杂草控制方面提出了&平均法则&，据此可对按块施药方法进行校正；6）精确地定义了&块&和&真块&以便在杂草控制中能更有效地使用除草剂；7）模拟证实杂草种群的初始配置影响其扩散和控制策略，或者格局影响过程。

Among the enemy population, intra-species competition is fiercest for Coccinella septempunctata and weakest for E. plagiator. In terms of time, competition between P. japonica and C. septempunctata or Leis axyridis is relatively fierce. However, that between E. plagiator and P. japonica, C. septempunctata or L. axyridis is weaker.

在天敌种群中以七星瓢虫种内竞争最为激烈，麦蚜茧蜂的种内竞争最为缓和；龟纹瓢虫分别与七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫在时间维度上的竞争较为激烈，而麦蚜茧蜂分别与龟纹瓢虫、七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫的竞争比较缓和。

Three Elsholtzia splendens populations,one from an uncontaminated site and the other from two Cu mine sites,were studied in hydroponic experiments for the photosynthesis and transpiration under Cu treatment.

通过水培实验，对种子分别来自湖北省铜绿山、赤马山铜矿区和红安非矿区的海州香薷种群在铜胁迫下的光合作用和蒸腾作用进行了比较研究。

The results showed:(1)The flora of community is rich and complex,and it belongs to the transitional zone for many genera,the subtropical-temperate zone geographical composition of genera are dominant,about 51.47% of the total genera,and there are characteristics which form subtropical to temperate zone transition.(2)The species are mostly composed of Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Anacardiacea...

结果表明(1)该群落区系组成比较丰富和复杂，属于许多属的过渡地带，具有从亚热带向温带过渡的特征；(2)种类组成以壳斗科、樟科、漆树科、卫矛科、榆科、五加科、金缕梅科等为主，但优势种、建群种以温带属为主；(3)种群生活型谱以高位芽占绝对优势，群落垂直结构明显。

Twelve strains and a representative farmed population of Hizikia fusiformis were sampled from its principal cultivation ground, i.e. Dongtou county, Zhejiang province. Important characteristics of these strains were compared and genetic diversity of the population was analyzed using AFLP technique.

对中国羊栖菜主产区浙江省洞头县的12个羊栖菜养殖品系的重要形态特征进行了比较研究，并利用AFLP技术对一个典型养殖种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。

Second, a lot of artificial propagation experiments were performed between different gynogenetic clones to analyze whether or not genetic recombination occurs by utilizing the identified RAPD and SCAR markers. Direct molecular genetic evidence for gonochoristic reproduction was revealed in the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, and a previous hypothesis that the silver crucian carp might reproduce both gynogenetically and gonochoristically was conformed.

二是利用银鲫的克隆多样性和其种群中存在的雄性个体，设计大量的不同繁育组合，运用已鉴定的RAPD和SCAR分子标记，分析比较了不同繁育组合子代的DNA扩增情况，探讨了这些分子标记在各个交配子代中的重组分布规律。

The hypogeal insect pests of eucalyptus are a group of special insect pests, having made serious damages to the young plantation. To solve the problem, it is necessary to use chemicals to control the population of those insect pests. The selection of chemicals and the methods of chemical application must be appropriate so as to lighten and minimize the negative impacts of chemicals on the ecological environment.

桉树地下害虫是一类特殊的害虫群体，在造林初期的危害比较严重，此时应针对不同的害虫选用不同的化学药剂来控制其种群密度，施药时要考虑减轻化学药剂对生态环境的不利影响，应采用毒饵诱杀、根部施药等方式。

Aimed at the study of Lauraceae system classification in domestic and overseas,genetic diversity and genetic variation between Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata natural populations and Ex-situ conservation poputations and relationship among Its Close Relative Species of Cinnamomum camphora Presl,Cinnamomum burmannii(C.G.etTh.Nee) Bl,Phoebe bournei Yang. Litsea subcoriacea Yang et P.H.Huan. Neolitsea aurata Koidz,Lindera communis Hemsl and Persea Americana Mill.were studied by inter-simple sequence repeats molecular marker.The research aimed at genetic variation between Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata populations,so that can offer the molecular theoretic and practical method for conservation and utilization of Cinnamomun micranthum Hayata populations.

针对目前国内外对樟科植物系统分类的研究现状，本研究采用ISSR分子标记技术对樟科沉水樟天然居群和迁地保护居群的遗传多样性进行研究，从分子水平上分析沉水樟种群的生态遗传及其遗传变异规律；同时利用ISSR分子标记技术比较沉水樟及其近缘种香樟、阴香、闽楠、桂北木姜子、新木姜子、香叶树、鳄梨在分子水平上的亲缘关系，揭示这些树种在樟科植物系统进化中的作用与地位，探讨沉水樟及其近缘种的遗传多样性及其分化格局，为樟科植物的系统分类提供分子水平的依据。

It revealed: Firstly, the plant community, the major environmental factors illumination degrees, surface temperature, air temperature, day air humidity changes curve and changes in point of curve similar; Secondly, measuring three points mixed lawn-Chinese littleleaf box-Guohuai plant community in the three observation of the ecological effects of the plant community most obviously, its sunshade rates, the average surface temperature 0 cm Service rates, the average surface temperature -5.0 cm Service rates, the average temperature cooling rate, the average humidification effect respectively 36.3%, 34.7%, 18.9%, 6.9%, 13.9%; wood forest plant community occasions, mixed lawn-Chinese littleleaf box plant community smallest.

以校园为例进行实地观测，比较详尽地分析了生物种群组成的多样性对园林生态系统的影响，结果表明：①植物群落内的主要环境因子光照度、地表温度、空气温度、空气湿度的日变化曲线与对照点日变化曲线相似；②3种测点中混合草坪－黄杨－国槐植物群落在3种观测的植物群落中生态效应最明显，它的遮光率、地表0 cm处平均降温率、地表－5.0 cm处平均降温率、气温平均降温率、平均增湿效应分别为36.3%，34.7%，18.9%，6.9%，13.9%；桐树林植物群落次之，混合草坪－黄杨植物群落最小。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。