种皮

Caruncle A fleshy outgrowth from a seed, similar to, but smaller than, an aril.

种阜：外种皮延伸所形成的结构，与假种皮相似但通常小于假种皮。

The presence of aril outside the testa may increase the buoyancy of the fruit.

芡种子的种皮共有四层，成熟后坚硬，种皮外有假种皮，有增加浮力的作用。

The seed is close globose, seed coat divides 3; Episperm yellow, the flesh is qualitative; In seed coat white, bone; Inside seed coat is gules, flimsy is qualitative, endosperm flesh is qualitative.

种子近球形，种皮分3层；外种皮黄色，肉质；中种皮白色，骨质；内种皮红色，薄纸质，胚乳肉质。

The extracting processing of total tannin from the euryale seed coat was discussed for the comprehensive utilization of euryale seed coat by orthogonal,and content of total tannin from the euryale seed coat was determinated.

为综合利用芡实种皮，采用正交实验法探讨了芡实种皮中鞣质的提取工艺，并用分光光度法测定了芡实种皮总鞣质的含量。

The difference of seed ventilation was caused firstly by outer seed capsule,and secondly by inner one.

不同种源种子种皮的透气性以外种皮造成的差异为最大，内种皮次之。

In this experiment the surface structure of seed coats was observed and a test of the quantity of teliospore on the seed coat was done. The result indicated that the deeper and more the longitudinal grooves and villoses the seed coat are the larger the teliospore's quantity is.

试验主要对六个红花品种种皮上锈菌冬孢子的负荷量与其种皮表面结构进行了观察，查明种皮纵沟较多、较深，且表面绒毛较多的品种，冬孢子负荷量较大，反之则少。

In model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, also from Brassicaceae, the TRANSPARENT TESTA 12 (TT12, AtTT12) gene is seed coat-specific and encodes a vacuolar flavonoid/H+ antiporter, transporting cytoplasm-synthesized glycosylated flavan-3-ols to the vacuoles for further polymerization into seed coat pigments.

同属十字花科的模式植物拟南芥中，种皮特异表达的TT12（透明种皮12，AtTT12）基因编码一种液泡型类黄酮/H+-逆向转运蛋白，将胞浆内合成的糖苷化的黄烷-3-醇转运到液泡中，供进一步聚合形成种皮色素。

Fruits eaten by birds are mostly fleshy types such as berries, drupes, pomes and cones, or with their seeds enclosed by fleshy arils, and when ripe, the colors of these fleshy pericarps or arils usually turn conspicuously red, black, and yellow, which are very attractive to frugivorous birds.

适于鸟类取食的植物果实大多数为浆果、核果、梨果及球果等肉质果实，或者种子为肉质的外种皮或假种皮所包被；并且这些肉质的果皮、外种皮及假种皮在果实及种子成熟时通常具有鲜艳的红色、黑色及黄色等颜色，容易被鸟类发现，并吸引鸟类前来取食。

The cotyledon and seed coat were cooked at 120℃ 10~50 min and compare their content of pH and chlorophyll. The result showed pH value of seed coat（6.25~5,46）was lower then cotyledon（6.35~6.06）. The increase of acidity and heat treatment caused content of chlorophyll in the seed coat to decrease（6.57~1.28 mg/100 g）and form pheophytin.

绿豆子叶、种皮於120 ℃烹煮10~50 min时，发现种皮pH值（6.25~5.46）较子叶（6.35~6.06）为低，於酸性环境与热造成种皮中叶绿素含量降低（6.57~1.28 mg/100g），并形成褐黄色的脱镁叶绿素，此现象与种皮b值增加（21.55~34.85）具关联性。

The value of the hardness of mung bean decreased as the soaking time increased. On the other hand, the hydration rate constant of mung bean increased, but the equilibrium of the moisture content decreased. Higher temperature could be conducive to reaching an equilibrium of the moisture content and shorten soaking time. On the microstructure, observation soaking could promote mung bean seed coat to absorb water, that might make its spongy mesophyll swell and inner wrinkly structure more smooth . During soaking at 50℃ and 70℃ for two hours, the surface and palisade parenchyma of the mung bean seed coat cracked, and pectic substances of the middle lamella were loss. Because of this, soaking rate could raise and shorten the soaking time.

在硬度测试中，则呈下降趋势；在绿豆吸水特性方面，其吸水速率常数呈增加趋势，而水分平衡常数则呈下降趋势；浸渍温度之提升有助於达到浸渍平衡及缩短浸渍时间；配合绿豆微细构造之观察，种皮会因浸渍、吸水，种皮外表的多角形海绵组织会有膨大情形，内部皱摺状构造则渐趋平滑；在50℃、70℃浸渍二小时，绿豆种皮之表皮、栅状组织会有破裂，海绵组织及中胶层果胶会有流失情形，因而使绿豆之浸渍速度提升与缩短浸渍时间。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。