种特征

First this paper analyzes and clarifies the statistical investigating data of winter migrant birds in Poyang lake in many years, and selects 44 samples on behalf of the main lake, this paper analyzes the birds community characteristic of abundant, variety, even, dominant and the meeting rate among the plant; this paper selects 10 environmental elements according to the reality of Poyang lake and selects the characteristic bird among rare plant, normal plant, wading bird, swimming bird etc, and.

本文首先通过对环鄱阳湖地区越冬候鸟多年调查统计数据的梳理和分析，筛选44个具有代表性主要湖泊作为样本，分析了各湖候鸟群落的丰富度、多样性、均匀性、优势度和种间相遇机率等特征；根据鄱阳湖实际选取10个环境因子，从稀有种、常见种、涉禽、游禽等方面结合选择具有代表性候鸟，进行了候鸟与湿地环境因子的相关关系分析。

The main results are as follows:① The contents of the seven elements in both the mosses and the substrates are much higher than those normal condition;② Didymodon fallax has stronger capacity to accumulate the element Cd. It can be as the indicator of Cd;③ Comparing with the other 4 mosses, Bryum dichotomum possesses stronger enriching function for Cu, Zn, and Pb.

结果表明，铜山口铜矿这5种藓类植物体内及其生长基质中，Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg等4种元素含量较高；北地对齿藓对Cd有较强的富集能力，可以作为寻找Cd矿的特征植物；相对于其它4种藓类植物，双色真藓对Cu、Zn、Pb有较强的富集能力，可以作为寻找Cu矿、Zn矿、Pb矿的参考植物；舌叶毛口藓对Hg有一定的富集能力，可以作为寻找Hg矿的参考植物。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C. communis grown in normal soil. Several aspects were examined, including: difference of copper tolerance and accumulation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil; difference of growth and nutrient accumunation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; physiological differences between between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cu in C. communis; identification of cDNA fragments differentially expressed in C. communis grown in copper mine deposit; genetic diversity and copper tolerance of C. communis, tolerance mechanisms to copper in C. communis are discussed.

中文题名鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理和富集特征研究副题名外文题名 Mechanisms of Cu tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis 论文作者廖斌导师蓝崇钰束文圣学科专业环境科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中山大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数128页关键词重金属污染植物修复超富集植物土壤污染铜污染鸭跖草馆藏号BSLW /2003 /X53 /12 论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

The results showed that both of Michaelis-Menten equation and Dagneli equation primely simulated response of photosynthesis rate to light intensity, and their effect was consilient. But the parameters of maximum photosynthesis, initial quantum efficiency and dark respiration by Michaelis-Menten equation was very distinctly bigger than them by Dagneli equation.

结果表明，两种方程均能很好地描述大豆和玉米叶片光合速率对光强的响应特征，两种方程的模拟效果是一致的，但两种方程得到的参数存在极显著差异，用Michaelis-Menten方程模拟得到的表观初始量子效率、表观最大光合速率、表观暗呼吸速率极显著大于用Dagneli方程得到的参数。

On the basis of examination of more than 2000 specimens from 15 herbaria worldwide, the characters features of species,phonological phase,ecoloigical habit and the relation to close species were analyzed, recorded and described, the disputed species were compared, measured and counted in detail, the quantitative analysis to different characters was done through dot-map, the variation pattern of major morphology characters was analyzed and their significance for a better delimitation of the species was evaluated.

查阅或借阅国内外17个标本馆近2000份标本，描述了每个种的性状特征、物候期、生态习性及其与近缘种的关系，确定性状的极性，对有争议种的形态性状进行详细的测量和比较，用散点图对个别性状作定量研究，分析了主要外部形态学性状的变异式样、变异幅度及其对划定物种范围的价值。

In addition, the specific POD band (Rf = 0.67) of C. hytivus and C. hystrix was detected in each individual of population, which indicated this band could be a good biochemical marker for monitoring the flow of germ plasm from C.

另外， 新种与野生种的特征性POD酶带(Rf=0.67)在群体内各单株内都有表达，这表明该带可作为一个稳定的生化标记在监控新种的遗传物质向栽培黄瓜的流动中发挥作用。

Furthermore, the premise of transformation must not be accomplished,some transformed crimes can transform frome preparatory and incompleted.

转化犯有其独特的构成特征，它是一种犯罪向另一种犯罪的转化，基本罪与转化罪必须是性质完全不同的两种犯罪，并且这种转化是轻罪向重罪的转化，转化的结果是对行为人依法律规定之转化后的犯罪定罪处罚。

Through the study of the style of knowledge description, the paper elaborates the numerical model knowledge, the symbolic experience knowledge and the instantial swatch knowledge. These three kinds of different knowledge have been used in loans risk classification in the paper. Just as the using of the Object Oriented technique and the AI (include ES, ANN, and the integrated of ANN and ES) technique, can the paper realize the five-grade loans risk classification.

本文通过对知识描述形式的研究，表述了经验符号性知识、模型化数量性知识和实例样本性知识三种类型，通过对其行为特征及转换、集成的研究，将这三种异构知识引入贷款风险分类分析；采用面向对象技术和人工智能的ES、ANN两种形式及其结合，实现了贷款风险五级分类。

The experiment showed: 1PER, EST and AMY were polymorphic, meanwhile the isozymic chromatograph could identify the cultivars in this study; 2Two multifoliolate cultivars had specific isozyme loci PER-4, and the level of PER activity of the internal cultivars was higher than the external cultivars; 3 Genetic similarity and euclidean coefficient between the cultivars were 0.826-0.952, 0.500-1.118, between the multifoliolate cultivars were 0.904, 0.500; 4 Multifoliolate cultivares were classified for one type, and others for two other types.

结果表明：1测定的5种同工酶中过氧化物酶、酯酶、淀粉酶具有多态性，综合此3种酶酶谱可以鉴定供试的7个品种；22个多叶型品种具有一共同特征酶带PER-4，国内品种的过氧化物酶活性明显高于国外品种；3品种间的遗传一致度为0.826～0.952，欧氏遗传距离为0.500～1.118，多叶型品种间遗传一致度为0.904，欧氏遗传距离为0.500；4等级聚类分析结果为，以欧氏遗传距离0.400为分界，供试品种分为3类，2个多叶型品种为一类，其余的5种三叶型品种分为另两类。

The result was consistent with morphology of Pleuronectiformes on the whole.In the topology founded,Scophthalmus maximus and Solea senegalensis formed an independent branch each other and showed far relationship with species of Bothidae and Pleuronectidae,the phylogenic position of Solea senegalensis is accorded with the reported result of analysis made by mitochondrial genome.

运用PAUP软件对15种鲽形目鱼类与另外7种不同种属鱼类进行了分子系统进化树分析，结果与根据传统的形态学和生化特征分类进化地位基本一致，在15种鲽形目鱼类中只有大菱鲆和塞内加尔鳎各自单独形成一个分支且与鲆科和鲽科鱼类相距较远，其中塞内加尔鳎等种类的分类地位与根据线粒体DNA序列分析的系统发生模式基本吻合。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！